Plastics industry related knowledge book (2)

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269. The small pits that appear on the surface of plastic products are generally the same in depth and width.
270. Martin heat test A method of evaluating the tendency of materials to deform at high temperatures. In a furnace, the specimen is subjected to a certain amount of bending stress and heated at a certain rate. The temperature at which the free end of the specimen generates a specified deflection is known as Martin temperature.
271. Pulse welding presses a plastic plate or film to be welded between two heating elements, and a strong current is passed to cause the heating element to generate a pulse of intense thermal energy in a very short time, followed by cooling, and the welding surface is Fusion under heat and pressure.
272. The surface of the plastic sheet or plate pressed by the template mark is accompanied by a mark corresponding to the surface of the original flat plate die.
273. Friction welding of the butt-joined surfaces of two thermoplastic plastic products to be butted against each other, so that frictional heating occurs successively, and the joining surface is melted by heat, so that a whole welding method is formed under pressure.
274. Abrasion Two solids in contact with each other rub against each other causing loss of material surface.
Note: Wear can be classified into sliding wear, rolling wear and impact wear.
275 A combination of parts used to give plastic shapes in mold forming.
276. Die mark marks the surface of the product due to the damage on the surface of the cavity.
277 Space for molding plastic products in the mold cavity.
278. Molded plastic molding process, under pressure (usually also heated at the same time), the plastic material molding process with the aid of a mold or die
279. Molding resins or blends for moulding
280. Model time
(1) When molding thermosetting plastics, it refers to the time elapsed from the instant when the mould is completely closed to the instant when the pressure is released. Sometimes it also refers to the time required for the material to mature;
(2) In injection molding, the time after the molten material is injected into the mold until the pressure is maintained.
281. Molding temperature When molding, plasticize the thermoplastic or cure the thermosetting plastic at the specified temperature.
282. Molding pressure forces the molding compound to fully fill the necessary pressure exerted by the mold cavity. The force applied to the cross section of the molding compound in the feed chamber (transfer molding) or cartridge (injection), or by molding The force applied to the unit section (pressing) perpendicular to the direction of pressure is expressed in kilograms per centimeter [pa].
283 The molding cycle completes all the operations required for a molding (including feeding, heating, curing or curing, demoulding, etc.). Sometimes it also refers to the sum of the time required for these operations.
284. Die sets used to tighten female or male mold parts of the mold structure.
Note: When designing mold sets, female molds or male molds, standard mold sets that can be applied to various types of female molds and positive molds should be considered.
Not recommended: mold hoop.
285 Molded plastic parts for molded parts.
286. Supports core and die components in die heads for die extrusion.
287 A resin obtained by reacting lignin or lignin with other compounds or resins.
288. Plastics of lignin plastics based on lignin resin
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289 Arc-resistant plastic materials are resistant to deterioration caused by high-voltage arcing and are usually represented by the time required for the arc to cause carbonization on the surface of the material to the surface.
290 Durability of weather resistant plastic exposed to sunlight, hot and cold, wind and rain, etc.
291 Chemical-resistant plastics are resistant to acids, alkalis, salts, solvents and other chemicals.
292 Durability Material that resists the ability to continue burning when it comes into contact with flames or when leaving flames.
294 solvent-resistant plastics resist solvent-induced swelling, dissolution, cracking or deformation.
295 Internal stress In the absence of external forces, the internal stress of the material is due to improper processing, temperature changes, and solvent effects.
296 Oil-resistant plastics resist the ability of oils to dissolve, swell, crack, deform, or reduce physical properties.
297 Viscosity Dynamic viscosity Absolute viscosity Viscosity coefficient The resistance of the fluid to internal flow, expressed as the ratio of the shear stress of the fluid to the shear rate. The unit is po. [Pa.s]
Note: For Newtonian fluids, the ratio of shear stress to shear rate is a constant called Newtonian viscosity. For non-Newtonian fluids, the ratio of shear stress to shear rate varies with shear stress, and the resulting viscosity is called The "apparent viscosity" under shear stress. Plastics belong to the latter case.
298 Viscosity ratio The ratio of the viscosity of a polymer solution to the viscosity of a pure solvent at a given concentration at the same temperature:
η
Ηo
Where: η - the solution viscosity of the polymer;
Ηo - pure solvent viscosity.
Not recommended: Relative viscosity
299 Viscosity Relative Incremental Relative viscosity increment is equal to viscosity ratio minus 1:
η η-ηo
Ηo ηo
Not recommended: increase viscosity
300 adhesive Adhesive due to the surface bonding and internal forces (adhesion and cohesion, etc.), can make a solid surface and another solid surface combined with the non-metallic materials collectively.
301 Bond strength Bond strength between two bonded surfaces can be expressed as uniform tear strength, shear strength, and peel strength.
302 binder-reinforced plastic, material that binds the filler together.
303 Bonding strength The stress required to separate layers or layers within a laminate, expressed in kilograms/cm2 [Pascal]:
Η-ηo
Ηo·C
Not recommended: Reduced viscosity
305 The response of viscoelastic plastics to stress is the dual property of elastic solids and viscous fluids called viscoelasticity.
NOTE: Viscoelasticity allows plastics to simultaneously have solid-like properties such as elasticity, strength, sub-stability, and fluid-like characteristics such as flow characteristics that vary with time, temperature, load size, and rate.
306. Urea-formaldehyde resin An amino resin obtained by condensation of urea (urea) with formaldehyde.
307 Urea Plastics Plastics based on a polycondensation of urea and aldehydes.
308. kneader by a pair of blades with the interaction and rotation of the blade (usually Z-shaped) produce a strong shear effect to make semi-dry or rubbery viscous plastic material to obtain a uniform mixing of machinery.
309. Gel (body)
(1) Free-flowing freezes formed by condensation of colloidal dispersions
(2) The appearance of gum-like solids during the maturation of liquid substances or the dissolution of solid substances.
Not recommended: jelly.
310. The gel point begins to form a gel phase.
Note: This stage can be measured by the turning point of the viscosity-time curve.
311. Gel time The time required for a liquid substance to form a gel under certain conditions.
312. Condensation (function) Condensation (function)
By adding electrolyte or heating, cooling and other methods, the colloidal solution to form a gel or colloidal particles aggregation precipitation phenomenon.
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313 Chemicals that enhance the interfacial bonding between resin and reinforcing materials in coupling agent-reinforced plastics.
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314 The process of exhausting water, air, and other low molecular volatiles in the material, such as:
(1) In the production of vinyl plastisols, the sol is placed in a high vacuum to remove air, so as not to generate bubbles in the product;
(2) Reinforcing plastic products by hand paste or injection moulding refers to the use of appropriate methods to exclude interlayer air;
(3) In the exhaust extrusion, refers to the use of vacuum to remove air, moisture and other volatile substances in the material.
315. Exhaust type Extruder An extruder in the middle of the barrel to allow the air and volatiles in the processed plastic to be removed.
316. A defect of a foamed cell foam, which refers to a cell layer that differs significantly from its inherent cell structure in foams.
Not recommended: Styrofoam stripes
317. Foam plastic microporous plastic contains numerous microporous plastics.
318. Ingredients Resins are mixed with fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, and colorants, as appropriate, to form a process suitable for molding. In some areas of the plastics industry, this term also includes polymers or The process in which the main mixture is made into pellets. In the plastisol industry, the furnish refers to the process of making the dispersion.
319. Injection molding
(1) When forming a reinforced plastic product, it refers to the method of spraying the chopped fiber and resin at the same time on the mold and laminating it into a product.
(2) When forming a foam, it refers to the method of spraying the polyurethane or epoxy resin and aging agent of fast reaction from the spray gun on the mold to make it foam and mature.
320. Cortex (in foam)
In order to increase the surface strength of the foam, a dense dense layer is intentionally formed on the surface of the foam.
321. The process of local structural changes and internal defects caused by fatigue materials subjected to alternating cyclic stress or strain. It reduces the mechanical properties of the material and eventually leads to cracking or complete failure.
322. Fatigue Limits In fatigue tests, the maximum stress when the stress alternating cycle is infinite and the sample is still intact is called the fatigue limit.
Note: Many plastics do not actually have a fatigue limit. For this reason, the fatigue limit is specified by the number of cycles where the number of special cycles reaches 107 to 108 and the specimen still has 50% failure.
323. The number of cycles of stress or strain experienced by a test specimen before fatigue occurs under alternating cyclic stress or strain.
324 sheets generally refer to soft flat materials with a thickness between 0.25 and 2 mm and hard flat materials with a thickness below about 0.5 mm.
325. Glass transition temperature An amorphous or semi-crystalline polymer changes from a viscous or highly elastic (rubbery) state to a glassy state (or vice versa) called a glass transition. Approximation of a narrower temperature range where glass transition occurs The midpoint is called the glass transition temperature.
326. A machine used to crush (pellet) a solid material into pellets.
327. The operation of laminating fibrous reinforcements with or without resin impregnation is a preparatory work for the manufacture of reinforced plastics.

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328 Chalk plastic products appear to have chalky appearance or white powdery material defects.
329 (gas) waiting for (old) plastic in outdoor exposure, performance deterioration over time.
A number of similar micro-fine crystal spots appear on the surface of the 330-crystal plastic product, and the projected light is scattered so that the surface of the product is tarnished.
331 blisters (raised)
The surface of the plastic product has the defects of obvious and convex bubbles.
332 cream additives move from the inside of the plastic product to the surface of the product and form a cloud-like or white powdery material defect.
333 Pneumatic thermoforming An overmolding method that uses a combination of compressed air or steam pressure to force the heated sheet against the mold surface.
334 block copolymer intercalation copolymers are linear copolymers with different chemical structures and shorter polymer chain segments. Alternating chain segments are alternately and randomly alternating.
335. Incompatibility In the curing process of thermosetting resins or plastics, due to the lack of curing time and (or) temperature, etc., the required degree of crosslinking can not be achieved, resulting in a phenomenon of poor product performance.
336. Inserts embedded in plastic products and become a part of the metal and other objects.
337. Pins used to position inserts during insert pin formation.
338. The phenomenon of transfer of certain fractions of the migration plastics to the materials it contacts.
339. Traction equipment a Xuan from the extruder, pressure machine or coating machine and other products (extrusion, rolling material, coating, etc.) device.
340. The insert mold will be embedded in the mold and inject the monomer, prepolymer or polymer liquid, and then it will be polymerized or cured (hardened), and demoulded. This is to encapsulate the object in the polymer. a way.
341. Warped plastic products have been warped since they were molded or processed.
342. The rim of the cavity in the cut-out blow-molding mold around the mold cavity serves to seal the parison and cut off the excess material when the mold is closed.
343. The pelletizer generally refers to a machine that cuts a strip or sheet into particles.
344. The slitting machine cuts a continuous, relatively wide film or sheet in the longitudinal direction into several narrow strips (or strips).
345 Clearing machine In the process of extrusion or injection molding, when there is a need to change the material, the material to be used later or another kind of dissolvable cleaning material is incorporated into the machine to remove the residual old material in the barrel.
346 Yield point In the stress-strain test, the first point where the stress on the stress-strain curve does not increase with strain. At the yield point, the stressed specimen begins to undergo permanent deformation. The stress on the specimen can be tensile. Any of compression or shear stress.
347 Stress of yield stress at yield point on stress-strain curve.
348 Full-Hydraulic (Lock) Mold Units Direct Pressure Molding Units Molding machines in the molding machine do not rely on their mechanical structure and all are hydraulically actuated to open, close, and lock the mold. The mold clamping cylinder is directly connected to the moving platen. And the cylinder pressure acts directly on the mold.
349. Notch sensitivity Due to surface inhomogeneities such as notches, cross-sectional abrupt changes, cracks, and scratches, the sensitivity of the material to damage is increased.
Note: Generally, the notch sensitivity of plastic materials is low, and the notch sensitivity of brittle materials is high.
350. Notch effect The phenomenon of stress concentration and destruction is caused by applying external force to plastic products such as holes and notches.
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351. Combustion Identification Test A simple test method for identifying plastics is to apply the plastics to the flames, whether they are softened or not, the flame characteristics, the flame color, the ease of combustion, the presence or absence of self-extinguishing properties, the odor, the litmus paper reaction, etc. To identify common genera.
352. Heat Deflection Temperature A measure of the heat resistance of plastics is to immerse a plastic sample in a suitable heat transfer medium at a constant rate of temperature rise. Under the effect of a simple beam-type static bending load, the specimen is bent. The temperature at which the deformation reaches the specified value, which is called the heat distortion temperature
353. A foamed plastic in which a foamed plastic is formed by heating a foaming component to form a gas by evaporation.
354. Thermosetting resins can be aged into resins that do not melt insoluble materials due to heat.
355. Thermosetting plastics can be aged into plastics that do not melt insoluble materials due to heat or other conditions.
356. Thermal Polymerization (Function)
Radical polymerization initiated only by heat.
357. Thermal Diffusion Coefficient The ratio of the thermal conductivity of a material to the product of its density and constant pressure specific heat in centimeters per second [m2/s]
358. Hot Runner Mould
Hot-runner mould
359. When the thermal expansion object is heated, the linear dimension or volume increases.
360. Hot gas welding uses a welding torch to inject hot air onto the bonding surfaces and electrodes of different thermoplastic products and melt it into one integrated welding method.
361 Thermoplastics can be repeatedly heated to soften and cool the hardened plastic within a specific temperature range.
362 Thermoelastic rigid plastics exhibit rubber-like elasticity due to increased temperature.
363 autoclave molding In the autoclave, it is heated by other medium in the steam and pressurized and matured by a bag pressing method.
364 thermogravimetry TG
A method of determining the relationship between material quality and time or temperature under temperature control conditions.
365 artificial (gas) waiting (old) plastics exposed to artificial weather conditions under the performance deterioration over time phenomenon.
Note: The exposure conditions generally provided by experimental equipment are much stronger than actual outdoor conditions in order to obtain accelerated aging effects. This term does not include special conditions such as exposure to ozone, salt spray, industrial gases, etc.
366. A linear trace of a fused-line stencil molding caused by incomplete fusion between the two streams in the injection or extrusion process at the interface.
367 solvent-bonding solvent to melt the surfaces of the plastic parts to be bonded and to connect them together by pressurization.
368 Solvent-polished thermoplastic articles are modified to achieve an improved surface finish by dissolving burrs on their surface by suitable solvent immersion or spraying.
369 Melt index thermoplastic resin The mass of a melt passing through a standard capillary in 10 minutes under a certain temperature and load, expressed in grams/10 minutes.
Not recommended: Melt index.
370 Melt viscosity Viscosity of plastic or resin melt
371. The melt fractures,
The extrudate has a general appearance of irregularities or distorted shapes or even breaks or breaks in the shape of the extrudate. The cause is that the shear stress used during extrusion is so high that the elastic strain at each point of the melt is inconsistent and the extrudate is therefore elastic. Distortion occurs during recovery, resulting in fractures.
372. Solution polymerization (function)
A polymerization in which monomers are dissolved in a solvent.
373. Swelling solids in liquids or vapours, due to the simple absorption, which increases their size.
374. The creep of a material changes with time under constant stress.
Note: Does not include instantaneous strain.
375. The part of the creep recovery specimen after the load is removed and its deformation decreases with time.
376. Creep Instant Recovery In a creep test, the deformation of the specimen immediately before the load is removed until the creep recovery begins is reduced.
Note: Because it is almost impossible to read out the deformation value at the moment of removing the load, the recorded deformation value is the reconstructed value within a specified time after the load is removed.
377. In the creep creep strain test, the strain immediately before and after the creep occurs due to the load of the sample.
378. A two-phase mixture of two infusible liquids in emulsion, one of which is dispersed as microspheres in the other, but in plastics and other industries, the regulations are not so strict. The dispersed phase can also be solid, but it must be colloidal.
379. Emulsion Polymerization (Function)
A polymerization carried out in an emulsion system.
Note: The monomer is emulsified by emulsifier and proper stirring in water. The polymer needs to be precipitated by coagulation, coagulation and other methods, and can also be used directly.
380. Emulsion
Emulsion
381. The softening point applies a certain load to the plastic sample in a certain form and is heated to the temperature at which the sample is deformed to the specified value at the specified heating rate.
382. Flexible foam is soft, compressively very small, and can be restored to its original state after stress is relieved.
383. Soft plastics shall be tested in accordance with GB 1040-79 "Plastic Tensile Test Method" with a tensile elastic modulus of at least 700 kgf/cm2 and a plastic of approximately 70 x 106 [Pascals]. The standard environment is in accordance with GB 1039-79. General requirements for the testing of mechanical properties of plastics.
384. Lubricants,
Material that reduces friction and wear between surfaces.
Note: In the plastic molding, the material that can increase the fluidity of the material or increase the mold release effect of the molded part is also known as lubricant, and has poor compatibility with the resin, and the external lubricant that acts as a lubricant layer between the surface of the processing machine and the resin. Resin with good compatibility, can reduce the melt viscosity of the resin, improve the fluidity of the lubricant.
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385. The sieve plate is installed in the porous plate at the rear end of the machine head. Its main function is to make the material change from rotary motion to linear motion, increase back pressure, support the filter mesh, etc. If it does not add a filter, it also has a filter larger granular The role of impurities.
386. A mold for three-plate mold injection molding. The three parts of the template, the middle plate and the moving plate. The feeding system is between the fixed plate and the middle plate, and the cavity is between the middle plate and the moving plate.
387. Melamine formaldehyde resin An amino resin obtained by polycondensation of melamine and formaldehyde.
388. Terpolymer A copolymer produced by the copolymerization of three different monomers.
Note: The terpolymer can be polymerized by three monomers at the same time, or two monomers can be polymerized into a copolymer, and then grafted with the third monomer.
390. Colorfastness The ability of coloured plastics to resist discoloration when in contact with acids, alkalis, heat, light, the atmosphere, etc. In most cases it refers to the ability to withstand light.
391. Metallurgical coating, vacuum deposition, spray coating, etc. are used to cover the thin metal layer on the plastic surface.
392. The main piston of the upper press is located below the movable plate and presses the main piston to move up and down.
393 Sintering A semi-finished product in which a powdered plastic is cold-pressed is melted into a whole body by a heating method. However, it is not melted as a whole.
394 The elongation of the specimen under tensile force is increased by the percentage of the original original length.
395. Specimen For the individual sample or part of the sample for testing.
Note: Some tests require the sample to have a certain size and shape.
396. The longest period of time for which a suitable binder or reactive resin has been used for a given period of time to maintain its combined performance.
397. Curing cures the process of cross-linking thermosetting resins or plastics through the action of heat, light, radiation, or chemical additives.
398. A curing agent curing agent that promotes or regulates the curing reaction of a resin and gives it a hard product.
399. Curing time When the thermosetting resin (or plastic) is aged, it starts from heating, irradiation or addition of curing agents, initiators, accelerants, etc. until a certain period of ripeness is reached.
Not recommended: curing time.
400. Hand lay-up A method of making reinforced plastic articles. The method is to apply a mold release agent on the mold, while manually laying one side of the added material while brushing the resin until the desired thickness. Then by maturation and demoulding. And get products.
401. Shrinkage (in foam)
In the absence of damage to the cell structure, the size of the foam decreases.
402. Shrink wrapping A method of wrapping articles in a protective wrapper. The method is to place the article in a pre-stretched film bag, and then heat to make the film shrink tightly around the article to achieve the purpose of encapsulation. .
403. Shrinkage margin In the design of the mold, in order to compensate for shrinkage of the product when added to the size of the extra margin.
404 resin generally has a softening or melting range when heated. When softened, there is a tendency to flow under the action of external force, at room temperature is a solid, semi-solid or pseudo-solid polymer. Sometimes it can be a liquid polymer. In plastic powder Broadly speaking, it refers to any polymer that is a plastic substrate.
405. Resin Deposition A defect in reinforced plastics means that there is a phenomenon of significant excess resin accumulation in the local area of ​​the plastic product.
406. Double-joint stencil In the pressing or transfer molding die, two pieces of the movable plate are identical in shape and assembled with male or female molds. The two plates are alternately used in the molding process to improve the efficiency.
407. Biaxial stretching is the process of reorientation of molecules such as thermoplastic films or plates, and the biaxial stretching process is specifically performed above the glass transition temperature.
408. Moisture contained in water, but does not include water of crystallization and associated water. It is usually expressed in terms of the original weight of the sample or the weight percentage after dehydration of the sample.
409. The water-cooling jacket surrounds the collar of the mold so that the cooling water can circulate in the passage.
410. The maximum load of the tearing strength with a special beginning of the specimen is divided by the original thickness of the specimen, expressed in kilograms/cm [Newtons/meter].
411. The process of plasticizing and refining the plastic melt into a homogeneous melt with heat and/or mechanical work.
412 Plastics are mainly composed of resin (sometimes directly polymerized with monomers during processing), and generally contain additives, which can be flow molded during processing.
Note: At present the term plastic is not yet defined. Generally does not include elastomers, fibers, coatings, adhesives.
413 Plastic molding Plastic molding processing is a general term for an engineering and technical specialty. The involved content is a variety of processes and projects that convert plastic materials into plastic products. Converting plastic materials into plastic products also means increasing their use value. One or more of the following conditions often occur during the transformation process: chemical changes, flow, and changes in physical properties.
414 Plastic monofilament unrestricted length single filament.
415. Plastic tube made of plastic hollow cylindrical open products of a certain length, its thickness and diameter ratio is generally very small.
416
The material is permanently deformed under stress.
417. Acid resin, plasticizer, and a measure of the free acid content in the solvent. Expressed in mg of potassium hydroxide (or sodium) required to neutralize free acid in 1 gram of material.
418 loss index The dielectric loss index is equal to the product of the dielectric loss tangent (XXXXXXXXX) and the (relative) dielectric constant.
419 Shrinkage plastic parts in the mold due to shrinkage caused by the local surface subsidence defects.
420. Polycondensation (action)
When the polymer is generated, there is a polymerization of water or other simple molecules released
421. Polycondensates Made from Polycondensation Polymers
422 Clamping ring Injects or transfers parts of the mold used to lock the flap or movable core mold. Its role is to prevent material pressure on the moving parts of the mold can cause displacement.
Not recommended: clamping wedges, locking wedges.
423. The main chain of acetal plastic is a plastic based on acetal or acetal-based polymer.

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424. The ability of the material to quickly return to its original size or shape after elastically removing the deformed load.
Note: When the deformation is proportional to the applied load, the material is considered to be a Hooke elastomer or an ideal elastomer.
425. Elastic limit The maximum stress that a material can sustain under any conditions of permanent stress removal, expressed in kilograms per centimeter [Pa] Note: In the actual measurement of strain, small loads are often used instead of zero loads as final or The initial reference load.
426. The ratio of the modulus of elasticity within the limits of the ratio, the stress applied to the material such as tension, compression, bending, twisting, shearing, etc., to the corresponding strain produced by the material, expressed in kg/cm2 [Pa]
427. Elastic rest can be repeatedly stretched to more than two times the original length at room temperature, and can quickly return to the material close to its original length or beginning when the stress is relieved.
428. Part of the total deformation of an elastically deformed stressed object that rapidly recovers after removal of the stress.
429. Slush molding is a method of molding hollow articles. During molding, the plastic paste is poured into an open hollow mold until the specified capacity is reached. The mold should be heated before or after charging in order to make the material The inner wall of the mold becomes a gel. When the gel reaches a predetermined thickness, excess liquid material is poured out, and is heated again to melt, and the product can be peeled off from the mold after cooling.
430. Intrinsic Viscosity The limit of the viscosity of a polymer solution in infinite dilution, expressed as [η]:
Η-ηo
Co ηoc
Not recommended: intrinsic viscosity
431.Volume resistivity The ratio of the current gradient in the direction of current in the parallel material, expressed in ohm·cm [ohm·m].
432. The ratio of the volumetric modulus of a given volume of moulding compound to the volume after it has been moulded into a moulded product. It is also the ratio of the density and density of the moulded product to the apparent density of the moulding compound before moulding.
433 Ladder polymer double strand polymer
Double stranded polymer
A polymer with a trapezoidal structure formed by a double-stranded backbone.
434. Fillers Inert materials added to plastics in order to reduce costs or improve performance.
435. Significant marks caused by the presence of fillers such as wood flour or asbestos in filler products.
436. Regulating polymerization (function)
Monomer polymerization in the presence of a telogen
437. A telogen can control the molecular weight of a polymer.
Note: The molecular weight of the polymer is adjusted by the chain transfer effect of the free radical generated by the telogen molecule.
438. Telomers are polymers produced by the regulation of polymerization. They have a low molecular weight, generally only two to ten segments, and the two ends of the molecule are bound to the molecular part of the telogen molecule.
439. Streaked stripe defects on the surface or inside of a striped plastic article.
440. Hydrocarbon plastics are plastics based on polymers containing only carbon and hydrogen.
441. To stop the gas in the molding compound from escaping during press-stop pressing, the pressurization of the mold is suspended until the mold is completely closed.
442. Percentage of light transmitted through a transparent or translucent body and the percentage of incident light flux.
443. Transparency objects transmit visible light and have less scattering properties.
444. Coating For the purposes of antisepsis, insulation, decoration, etc., a thin layer of plastic is coated on the surface of a fabric, paper, foil, or board in the form of a liquid or powder. Note: The principle of dividing the liner, coating, and coating is the film thickness. Thinned in turn.
445. The coating machine applies quantitative liquids (or melts) of polymer materials such as adhesives or coatings on the surface of materials.
446. Coating For the purpose of protection, insulation, decoration, etc., apply plastic thin layers of shoes to metal, fabric, plastic, etc.
447. Annealing In order to eliminate the internal stress of the plastic product or to control the crystallization process, the product is heated to a suitable temperature and maintained for a certain period of time, and then slowly cooled.
448 degumming (in composite glass)
A defect of composite glass refers to the phenomenon that some part of the sandwich has been separated from the glass.
449. Mold ejection from the mold cavity or out of the product operation.
450. Release agent can make plastic products easy to release the material.
Note: The release agent can be added to the molding material, can also be covered on the mold surface. The former called the internal mold release agent, the latter called external release agent.
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451. Bending strength The maximum stress that a material can sustain when subjected to a bending load or reaches a specified deflection, expressed in kg/cm2 [Pa]
452. Polymers in a three-dimensional structure formed by chemical bonding between linear polymer chains.
453. Vicat softening point test. A test method for evaluating the tendency of thermoplastics to decompose at high temperatures. The method is to place a test specimen with a specified load, with a cross-sectional area of ​​1 mm2, under isothermal conditions. Above, the temperature at which the flat top needle pierces the sample 1 mm is the softening temperature of the Vicat soft card measured for that sample.
454. Stabilizers can retard the deterioration of materials.
455. Haze A cloudy or cloudy appearance caused by light scattering in the interior or surface of a transparent or translucent plastic. Expressed as the percentage of flux and flux transmitted forward.
456. Asymmetric atoms (usually referred to as carbon atoms) of random polymer backbone chain segments are located on the main chain with two side groups in the main plane and are randomly arranged polymers.
457. No flow channel (material) mold
(1) A mold used for injection molding. The mold is not provided with a separate flow path and the injection molding machine extends the nozzle to directly dispense the melt into each cavity for molding.
(2) An injection mold in which the runner and the mold cavity are insulated from each other. When molding, the temperature of each runner is maintained above the plastic softening temperature (the hot runner mold used for thermoplastics), or both are maintained at the maturation temperature of the plastic. The following (cold runner molds for thermosetting plastics)
X. Allyl Resins Resins Made with Allyl-Containing Monomers
459. Allyl plastics Plastics based on allyl resins.
460. Limit of solubility limit The limit of dilution of a concentrated solution of a resin with a specific solvent in the absence of precipitation or turbidity. It is usually expressed as the percent of resin present in the turbid solution.
461. Water Absorption The measure of the water absorbency of a substance. It refers to the percentage of weight added to soak a substance in water for a certain period of time at a certain temperature.
462. The main piston of the press-down press is located on the top of the movable plate. The press that presses the main piston to move downwards is a main type of press.
463. Linear expansion coefficient Percentage change in material length for every 1 degree change in temperature.
464. A method of producing a reinforced plastic product by a filament winding method. The method consists of winding a continuous fiber impregnated with a binder in a certain manner around a mandrel, and then maturing into a shaped reinforced plastic product.
465. Cellulose plastics Cellulose derivatives based plastics.
466. A novolak resin obtained from polycondensation of excess phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of acidic catalysts.
Note: This kind of resin can only be cured into thermosetting material after adding compounds that can provide methine, such as hexamethylenetetramine or polyformaldehyde.
467. Coumarone resin A polymer obtained by the polymerization or copolymerization of coumarone with hydrazine or its homologues.
468. Compatibility When mixing two or more substances, there is no ability to repel separation.
469.** A cellulose ester made by the reaction of cellulose and a-cellulose with a mixture of ** and **.
Note: The ** cellulose esters used to make plastics generally have a nitrogen content of 10.8 to 11.1%
470 (Molding) slope is the inclination of the product to be easily demolded on the mold side wall.
471. Oblique head is a type of head. Its discharge direction is at a certain angle with the centerline of the barrel of the extruder. If it is at a right angle, it is called a right-angle head.
472. The new material does not have a plastic or resin that has been used in the molding process, except that it has been processed in the original synthesis and preparation process.
473. Mandrel
(1) Core type used when winding reinforced plastics;
(2) In other moldings, it refers to the center part of the mold or die.
Not recommended: mold core.
474. Parison A semi-finished, tangible plastic body used for blow molding or other processing. It is generally tubular.
475. Modifications to remove excess material from the product gate, flashing and improving the appearance of plastic products.
476. Suspension polymerization (function)
Bead polymerization (function)
Pearl polymerization
A polymerization carried out in a suspension system. Also known as bead polymerization.
477 Suspension suspension Dispersion of solid particles in a liquid medium.
478 Rotary rotomolding is a molding method similar to rotational casting, except that the material used is not a liquid but a sinterable dry powder. The process is to load the powder into the mold so that it winds around the two The vertical shaft rotates. It is heated and evenly fused on the inner wall of the mold, and then cooled to obtain hollow products from the mold.
479. A method of rotating a cast to form an empty product from a liquid material. The method is to pack the liquid material in a closed mold so that it rotates at a low speed around a single axis or multiple axes, so that the material can take gravity. The shoes are distributed on the inner wall of the mold and can be obtained from the mold after being heated or cooled to cure or harden. Cylindrical products that are rotated around a single axis are used to produce cylindrical products that move around a biaxial or vibratory motion. For the production of closed products.

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480. The maximum distance between the opening pressure plate and the constant pressure plate when the pressure plate is open, and the maximum distance between the adjacent two pressure plates in the middle of the laminator.
481 calender A machine consisting of two or more rolls, mainly used for leveling or calendering plastic films and film bases.
482 The generic name of the press used by presses to pressurize plastics during forming.
483. A defect of fracturing laminated plastics refers to the obvious cracks in the laminated plastic that can be seen through the surface-covered resin layer compared to the outer layer or layers of reinforcing material.
484. Ratio of the volume (V2) formed by the first groove of the screw feed section to the volume (V1) formed by the last groove of the metering section (V2/V1)
485. Compression moulded moulding mouldings are moulded in a closed mould cavity with the aid of pressure (generally still heated).
486. Compressive strength In the compression test, the maximum compressive stress that a specimen undergoes until it breaks (brittle material) or yields (non-brittle material). The result is expressed in kilograms/cm2 [Pascal] ratio. The area is the original cross-sectional area of ​​the sample.
487. Calendering A process in which a thermoplastic is passed through a series of heated rolls to form a continuous film or sheet.
488. A set of cynic rollers for calendar calenders, which constitute the main components of this type of machine.
489 calendering machine for calendering. Usually has three or more press rolls.
490. Compression moulds are used for compression moulding moulds.
491 Male mold with half of the protruding part is generally formed inside the surface of the product.
The 492 sample is used to represent a small part of the material or product.
493 Young's modulus The modulus of elasticity under tensile force, that is, the ratio of tensile stress to the corresponding strain in the limit of the specific case, expressed in kilograms/cm 2 [Pa] ratio.
494 initiators promote the activation of monomer molecules into free radicals. Common initiators are organic peroxides and organic diazo compounds.
495 B-stage The intermediate stage of some thermosetting resin reactions. In this stage, the resin swells but does not dissolve when contacted with certain solvents (such as ethanol, alcohol, etc.), and can soften but not melt completely when heated.
496 Nozzle flash edge spilled into the gap between mold clamping surfaces and left excess material on molded parts.
Note: The broth is usually removed by polishing, grinding, barrel grinding, ball impact, etc.
497.溢料槽压制模具中,为使过剩塑料溢出而在模具上特意开设的浅沟槽.
498.溢料式模具在压缩模塑时,允许过量物料在闭模时溢出的模具.
500.异氰酸酯塑料用二或多异氰酸酯与二无醇,多元醇或含多个活泼氢的有机化合物制得的含有游离异氰酸酸酯的聚合物为基材的塑料.
501乙烯类树脂以乙烯聚合或乙烯为主与一种式多种其他不饱和化合物共聚制得的聚合物.
502.因次稳定性尺寸稳定性在环境条件变化的情况下,塑料制品保持开头或尺寸的能力.
503.阴模模具中带凹形部分的那一半,一般是形成制品外表面的.
504.洇色着色剂由塑料制品内部扩散到表面并转移到与之接触的材料的表面上所造成的变色污染缺陷.
505.银纹由于材料本身强度承受不起内在或外加的应力,塑料制品表面或内部所出现的如霜一般的细纹.
注:细纹处密度低于周围材料的密度.
506.应变物体在应力作用下产生的尺寸变化与原始尺寸之比,是无因次量.
507.硬度塑料材料对压印,刮痕的抵抗能力.
注:根据试验方法不同,有巴氏(Barcol)硬度,布氏(Brinell)硬度,洛氏( Rockwell)硬度,邵氏(Shore)硬度,莫氏(Mohs)硬度,刮痕(scratch)硬度和维氏(vickers)硬度等.
508.应力作用于物体单位面积上的力.用(公斤力/厘米2[帕]表示.
注:若单位面积按原始截面积计算,则所得应力为工程应力;若单位面积按变形瞬间的截面积计算,则所得的应力为真应力.应力有剪应力,拉伸应力和压应力等区别.
509.应力开裂长时间或反复施加低于塑料力学性能的应力而引起塑料外部或内部产生裂纹的现象.
注:引起开裂的应力可以是内部应力或外部应力,也可以是这些应力的合力,应力开裂的速度随塑料所处的环境而变化.
510..应力应变曲线在材料试验中,以纵坐标表示应力,横坐标表示应变,所作的应力-应变曲线.
512.硬质泡沫塑料无柔韧性,压缩硬度大,应力达到一定值方产生变形,解除应力后不能恢复原状的泡沫塑料.
513.硬质塑料按GB1040——79《塑料的拉伸试验方法》测定,拉伸弹性模量大于7000公斤力/厘米2,
约700×106[帕]的塑料.标准环境按照GB1039——79《塑料力学性能试验方法总则》的要求选取
514永久变形材料在除去使其产生变形的应力之后剩余的固定变形.
515.有规聚合物主链链节的不对称原子(通常指碳原子)所连接的两处侧基,在主链平面的上下方呈有序空间排列的聚合物.分等规聚合物和间规聚合物.
516.有机硅塑料以有机硅树脂为基材的塑料.
518.游离基自由基化合物分子在外界条件(如光,热等)的影响下,于共价健处**成带不成对电子的原子或原子团.
519.游离基聚合(作用),自由基聚合(作用)
借引发剂及光,热,辐射能等的引发而使单体分子活化生成游离基并按链锁反应历程进程进行的聚合.
520.预成型把模塑料预先加工成为便于加入模腔的一定开头的锭料,工将短切纤维用中间粘接剂制成开头近似于最终产品的毡状物的操作过程.
521.预混料增强塑料中,成型前预先配制的含短切纤维的混合料.
522预浸料增强塑料中,用粘接剂均匀浸渍并经适当干燥的织物,毡,片或连续纤维.
523预聚物聚合度介于单体与最终聚合物之间的一种分子量较低的聚合物,通常指制备最终聚合物前一阶段的聚合物.
注:这种聚合物在成型过程中能进一步聚合.
524预热为了改善模塑料的加工性能和缩短成型周期等的需要,把模塑料在成型前先行加热的操作.
525预压(料)锭在压缩模塑中,为了改善制品质量和提高模塑效率等的需要而将粉料,粒料或纤维状模塑料预先压成一定形状的坏料.
526鱼眼透明或半透明薄膜或片材中明显可见的鱼眼状缺陷,即树脂在成型过程中没有得到充分塑化的粒点.
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527 再生料塑料成型加工中的边角料或其他来源的废塑料,经过适当处理而使其能再用于制造质量较低的制品的物料.
528.再生塑料以再生料为基材的塑料.
529.造粒机带有热切粒装置的挤出机.
530.增量剂为了降低成本所添加到塑料中的一类惰性物质.
531.增强材料加入塑料中能使塑料制品的力学性能显著地提高的填料.一般为纤维性物质或织物.
532.增强塑料含有增强材料而某些力学性能比原塑料有显著提高的一种塑料.
注:采用的增强材料通常为玻璃纤维,纺织物,石棉,纸,碳纤维等.
533.增塑(作用)
通过添加增塑剂或对聚合物进行化学改性而使塑料材料变得柔软和(或)便于加工的一种过程.
534.增塑剂为改善塑料塑性和提高柔性而加塑料中的一种低挥发性物质.
注:加入增塑剂后能降低所用树脂的软化温度,熔融温度和弹性模量.
535.轧花在塑料薄膜或片材的成型过程中,使其趁热通过刻花辊筒而在其表面形成压纹的过程.
536.早冷料注射成型中,由喷嘴最初进入注射模具而被加料系统急剧冷却的一段熔融物料.
537.针孔塑料片材或薄膜中存在的针眼大小的透孔缺陷.
538.真空成型一种二次成型方法,采用真空使受热软化的片材紧贴模具表面进行的成型.
539.真应力
true stress
540.支化聚合物在聚合过程中由于支化反应生成的带有支链的聚合物.
541.直角机头
cross head
542.中空吹塑借流体压力便闭合在模具中的热型坯或片材吹胀成为中空制品的一种方法.
543.重力闭合下压式压机仅靠活塞及其附件的重力完成闭模的方法.
544.皱裂面层压塑料表面发生碎裂和明显分层的一种缺陷.
545.周期产额压机在一个模塑周期中所生产的成套制品数.
546.皱折增强塑料中,增强材料的一层或多层出现折痕或皱纹的外观缺陷.
547.主流道在注射或传递模塑模具中,从模具进料口起到单模腔模具的浇口或多模腔模具的分流道为止的一段流道.
548.柱塞挤出靠柱塞压力使物料由机筒通过口模的刘出方法.
549.注射成型注塑使热塑性或热固性模塑料先在加热机筒中均匀塑化,而后由柱塞或移动螺杆推挤到闭合模具的模腔中成型的一种方法.
550.注射一吹塑一种中空吹塑方法,系用注射成型法先将塑料制成有底型坏,接着再将型坯移到吹塑模中吹制成中空制品.
551.注射(成型)机注塑机注射成型用的机械.由塑化装置,注射装置,合模装置和传动机构等组成.
552.注射量一个注射成型周期中注入模具中的塑料重量.
553注射模具注塑模具用作注射成型的模具.
554.注射能力一台注塑机每个周期注入模内塑料的最大量.在柱塞式注塑机中以重量计,而在螺杆式注射机中往往以体积计.
55.5注射速率注射机单位时间内的最大注射量,指柱塞或螺杆的横截面积及其前进速度的积,以厘米3/秒[或米3/秒]表示.
556.注射压力在注射成型和传递模塑中,模塑料注入模腔时加在柱塞作用面的压力,用公斤力/厘米2[帕]表示.
557状态调节为了使材料在随后的加工和试验中结果稳定和再现性好,把材料在规定的标准环境中保持一定时间的措施.
558.着色剂使塑料着色的染料或颜料及其助剂的总称.
559自燃温度在没有外部火焰情况下,使塑料温度缓慢而均匀地上升时,塑料开始自燃的最低温度.
注:自燃温度与试样大小,热量损失条件,水分等因素有关.
560自热挤出一种仅由螺杆驱动能量所产生的磨擦热来加热塑料的挤出方法.
561自熄性撤除火焰后材料自行停止燃烧的能力.
562.阻聚剂能阻止聚合反应的物质.
563.阻燃剂能阻止燃烧,降低燃烧速度或(和)提高着火点的一种物质.
564.阻滞剂能减缓聚合反应的物质.
565.转鼓抛光将小型模塑件和抛光剂,磨料等疏松地装在转鼓中转动,借以除去模塑件中的浇口余料,飞边,脊缝等,并对模塑件表面进行抛光的一种修饰加工方