Nutritional characteristics
Wheat growth and development requires nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, manganese, boron and other elements. Each 100 kg of wheat seeds requires 2.8 kg of pure nitrogen, 1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 2.4 kg of potassium oxide. The amount of fertilizer required increases as the level of production increases. Due to the different utilization rates of different fertilizers in the season, it is generally necessary to apply 12-15 kg of pure nitrogen and 4-8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide per acre of wheat. In addition to low- and medium-yield fields, potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) is required. ~ 6 kg. The nutrient uptake rate varies with the wheat growth period. Nitrogen absorption has two peaks. The nitrogen uptake accounts for 13.5% of the total absorption during wintering, and the nitrogen uptake from jointing to booting stage accounts for 37.3% of the total absorption. The absorption of phosphorus and potassium by wheat varies with growth. Increased, the absorption rate increased sharply after jointing, and phosphorus and potassium, which accounted for more than 40% of total absorption, were absorbed after booting. According to the supply of soil nutrients, elements such as zinc, boron and manganese are used in a targeted manner due to lack of supplements. In the staged fertilization, according to the characteristics of wheat fertilizer, follow the principle of “re-application of base fertilizer, skillful application of top dressing, and application of micro-fertilizerâ€, and rational adjustment.
Fertilization technology
The application of base fertilizer is “the wheat is rich in the tires and the base fertilizer is the foundationâ€. For the wheat fields with sticky soil texture, strong fertilizer retention performance and no irrigation conditions, all the fertilizers can be applied as base fertilizer once, commonly known as “one shellingâ€. The specific method is to apply the full amount of organic fertilizer, 2/3 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer (or directly use the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer containing humic acid) to the surface, and immediately plow the soil, and then cast the remaining fertilizer after ploughing. Go to the hoe and then break into the soil. For sand or irrigated land with poor fertilizer retention performance, a split fertilization method using heavy base fertilizer and skillful top dressing may be employed. That is, 2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer and all the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, organic fertilizer (or directly use the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer containing humic acid) as the base fertilizer, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizer as the top dressing.
Micro-fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer or seed dressing. When used as a base fertilizer, it is difficult to spread evenly due to the small amount of use, and it can be mixed with fine soil and then applied to the surface, and then ploughed into the soil. When seeding with zinc or manganese fertilizer, 2 to 6 grams of zinc sulfate and 0.5 to 1 gram of manganese sulfate per kilogram of seeds are sown immediately after seed dressing.
Topdressing and applying topdressing is an important measure to obtain high yield of wheat. For moderately high-yield wheat fields with adequate sowing and sufficient application of base fertilizer, there is generally no need for top dressing or less top dressing. Insufficient application of base fertilizer and late sowing, the three types of seedlings with poor growth and small tillers need topdressing. The amount of top dressing is the difference between the amount of fertilizer applied and the applied base fertilizer; the weak seedlings master the amount of topdressing according to the condition of the seedlings.
Spring topdressing is the key to high yield of wheat, including topdressing in the greening stage and topdressing and booting fertilizer in the jointing stage. It is mainly used twice before application and supplemented by the booting fertilizer. The amount of topdressing accounts for 30% to 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Insufficient application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied early when wheat is greened. The jointing stage is the maximum efficiency period of winter wheat fertilization, which can promote the differentiation of small flowers and the formation of large ears, and strive for more large grains. Jointed fertilizer was applied at the peak of wheat tillering. Dosage and time should pay attention to the seedlings, over the wheat field, can not topdress, to prevent late lodging; wheat seedlings strong, moderately divided wheat field can be applied a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriate delay in the top dressing time, wheat seedlings thin, yellow-green leaves, tillers Insufficient wheat fields should increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer in the jointing stage of wheat accounted for about 30% of the total fertilization amount.
In areas where soil trace elements are deficient, root-external spray fertilizer can be used, and root-external spray fertilizer is an effective fertilization method to supplement the late-nutrition of wheat. Because of the inconvenient topdressing in the late stage of wheat field, and the absorption capacity of the root system is decreasing with the promotion of the growth period, if the fertilizer must be applied after the late growth period, the method of foliar spraying can be adopted, which is also an emergency measure for increasing wheat yield. .
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