Analysis of the Influence of Bearing Material Selection on Bearing Performance

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When testing the performance of chrome steel and stainless steel as bearing materials, it becomes clear that both are resistant to corrosion. However, chrome steel is the most commonly used material for bearings due to its superior strength compared to stainless steel, which results in a longer service life. That said, its performance can be compromised at higher temperatures. At 120°C, chrome steel may experience significant deformation, leading to a reduction in load capacity. It can withstand temperatures up to 150°C, but prolonged exposure above this temperature can shorten the bearing's lifespan. With proper heat treatment, some bearings can endure temperatures as high as 170°C. The most common type of stainless steel used in bearings is 440. It offers good strength and load-bearing capability—about 20% less than chrome steel—but it is highly resistant to rust. It can tolerate temperatures up to 250°C and even continue functioning at 300°C. It's important to note that not all stainless steels are non-magnetic. For instance, 440 stainless steel is magnetic and while it resists rust well, it can still be affected by salt, acid, and alkali. On the other hand, 316 stainless steel has excellent anti-rust properties and is non-magnetic. However, it is softer and less durable, making it unsuitable for high-load applications. Its lower strength also means that bearings made from 316 may not offer the same level of precision or smoothness as those made from chrome steel. Choosing the right bearing material is crucial for ensuring optimal performance under different operating conditions. Whether it's for high-temperature environments or corrosive settings, understanding the characteristics of each material helps in making an informed decision.

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