solar panel is a device which converts solar radiation into electric energy directly or indirectly by absorbing sunlight through ‌ photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. ‌

The main material of solar panels is ‌ silicon, most of the solar panels use silicon as the basic material, because silicon has excellent photoelectric conversion performance. However, due to the high production cost, silicon-based solar panels are not yet widely and universally used in large numbers. The working principle of solar panels is based on the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect, which converts light energy into electricity by absorbing sunlight. This conversion process allows solar panels to generate electricity wherever the sun shines, and is suitable for applications ranging from large power stations to small portable chargers. Solar panels are usually composed of a number of solar cells assembled on a board in a certain way to form an assembly, these components can be ‌ monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon, with different photoelectric conversion efficiency and characteristics. The output power of the solar panel directly depends on ‌ light intensity and ‌ light Angle, the greater the light intensity, the greater the working current of the solar panel, the higher the power generation efficiency. In addition, the installation and use of solar panels also need to consider the light Angle and occlusion factors to ensure the best power generation efficiency. With the advancement of technology and the development of materials science, the efficiency and longevity of solar panels continue to improve, making them play an increasingly important role in the global energy supply.