High temperature air source heat pump technology and its application

Building heating and air conditioning energy-saving issues to be solved With the rapid development of the national economy and people's living standards, heating, air conditioning, domestic hot water and other energy needs more and more, is the general civil building energy consumption is the main part . In developed cities, the energy consumed by summer air conditioners and winter heating and heating accounts for 40-50% of the total building energy consumption. Especially in winter heating with coal-fired boilers, oil-fired boiler mass use, to the atmospheric environment caused great pollution. Therefore, building pollution control and energy saving have become a major issue for the development of the national economy. Environmental protection and energy saving air source heat pump technology has broad prospects for application Air source heat pump is the use of refrigerant, under the action of the compressor, circulating in the system. The refrigerant in the compressor to complete the gaseous state of the heating process (temperature up to 100 ℃), the refrigerant into the heat exchanger to release high-temperature heat to heat the water. The constant circulation of the refrigerant realizes the process of converting low-temperature heat in the air into high-temperature heat and heating cold water. Air Source Heat Pump Technology Unlike fossil fuels, which emit large amounts of combustion products such as CO2, SO2, NOx, dust and the like to the environment while consuming energy and producing electricity, it causes serious pollution to the environment and causes greenhouse effect, acid rain, desertification of land And other disasters, but also seriously affected people's physical and mental health. Therefore, the use of air source heat pump is an alternative to the traditional refrigerator + boiler air conditioning, heating, heating mode, is to improve the city's atmospheric environment, an effective way to save energy. It is also a new development direction for our energy-saving products. Ordinary air-source heat pump equipment is difficult to meet the market demand China's vast territory, diverse climate, due to the geographical location of buildings and other functions, heating and air conditioning and hot water system also varies in form. And with the emphasis on environmental protection and energy issues, a large number of original boiler equipment such as fuel oil, coal and gas need to be rebuilt. Some newly launched heating system engineering, but also need to take the initiative to find some energy-saving, safe, pollution-free heating equipment installation. At present, air-source heat pump technology as a hot industry heating equipment, air-source heat pump products after another. In just a few years, hundreds of domestic and foreign enterprises have joined the production and sales of air source heat pump products in China's air conditioner market. However, due to the limitations of compression refrigeration technology in the working fluid and condensing temperature, the water temperature of the air source heat pump can only reach about 55 ° C under heating conditions. This is the original use of oil, coal, gas and other boiler equipment, high temperature water projects and the transformation of some special industries (especially in industries such as food, electroplating, chemical industry, slaughtering and other industries) need hot water as a productive resource Project, 55 ℃ water temperature has been unable or not fully meet the system requirements, thus limiting the air source heat pump energy saving technology to promote the use of. High temperature air source heat pump technology came into being in this background. The temperature of the hot water supply up to 85 ℃ greatly expands the application range of air source heat pump technology. High temperature air source heat pump concept High temperature air source heat pump "high temperature" is relative to the current market dominance of the highest hot water outlet temperature below 55 ℃ air source heat pump products, generally refers to the ambient temperature above 10 ~ 15 ℃ , The heating temperature above 60 ℃, the normal operating temperature range of 60 ~ 75 ℃, up to 85 ℃. Most of the living and industrial hot water system to meet the water temperature requirements. Although the temperature of the hot water supply is only increased by more than ten degrees, it is a great breakthrough for the heat pump technology. In this condition, the general air source heat pump unit will greatly attenuate its performance or even fail to operate. Therefore, high-temperature heat pump products on the choice of equipment components and the use of refrigerants have high requirements, product development and design costs are also high. At present, there are only a few enterprises in the domestic market that have qualified high-temperature heat pump technology and products. Several key technologies of high temperature air source heat pump relative to the output temperature of 55 ℃ below the air source heat pump technology, high temperature air source heat pump without changing the equipment operating environment, the heat pump heat temperature reached 60 ℃ above and maintain a high Operating efficiency and stable operating conditions, the general need to address the following key technical issues. 1. Compressor options: At present, the types of compressors commonly used in heat pump equipment are screw compressors, fully enclosed scroll compressors and semi-hermetic piston compressors. After comparing the operating characteristics of different types of compressors, the current hot air Source heat pump equipment generally use the US brand 3T condition Copeland fully enclosed scroll compressor. 2. Working fluid selection: In order to ensure the use of high-temperature heat pump equipment under the stable and permissible working pressure, a special refrigerant is used as working fluid, which has high heat exchange efficiency and no pollution to the environment and has no damaging effect on the ozone layer. 3. Optimization of fluorine road system control: to ensure long-term high temperature stable operation and service life of the whole unit, and automatically adjust the operation status and adjustment of high temperature air heat pump equipment according to the ambient temperature and evaporation temperature. ADVANTAGES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP Commercial and domestic heat pump technologies have gained considerable popularity in foreign countries and have enjoyed rapid growth in many of the well-known advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection and the use of renewable resources. At present, the main heat pump equipment on the market mainly low-temperature heat pump, the output temperature of the heat pump is lower than 55 ℃, the main disadvantage is the low water temperature, the use of regional and project features limitations, the use of a wide range of high-temperature air source heat pump technology In this regard has made some breakthroughs, its main manifestations are: 1. Output hot water temperature is high: the maximum output hot water temperature is 85 ℃. China is currently on the city heating system for coal combustion reform, in order to adapt to the original end of the heating system indoor end equipment, there must be a higher hot water temperature, high temperature heat pump has this feature; 2 low operating costs: high temperature air source heat pump Equipment, at 20 ℃ ambient temperature, resulting in 75 ℃ hot water, the cost is only 40% of electric heating, fuel (gas) 60%; 3 using a dedicated refrigerant, heat transfer efficiency and no pollution to the environment, Green. Current Status and Prospects of High-temperature Air Source Heat Pump Technology At present, heat pump products both at home and abroad are mainly air source heat pumps and water source heat pumps. Output temperature greater than 60 ℃ high temperature air source heat pump in the country only a few units in the development and production. High-temperature air source heat pump system applications High-temperature air source heat pump technology as an efficient, environmentally friendly, energy-efficient heating and cooling technology can be applied to all heating and air conditioning and hot water supply systems, and other new energy technologies can be organically combined to improve The efficiency of comprehensive utilization. At present, the practical application of high-temperature air source heat pump in engineering mainly includes the following forms: 1. Coal-fired or oil-fired (gas) boiler retrofitting: direct replacement of heating boilers, with less land occupation, less engineering effort, environmental protection, safety and operation Low cost and other advantages, can directly heating system without the need to transform the end system, although a higher investment than ordinary heating boilers, but because of its operating costs are only equivalent to 60% of coal-fired boilers, the increase in investment can be recovered within 3 years; 2. Direct one-time choice: In some special industries need hot water temperature above 60 ℃ for the production of water, such as the electroplating industry, chemical industry, bleaching and dyeing industry, etc .; 3 and the combination of solar heating systems: the current solar energy More and more applied to the construction of hot water supply and air-conditioning heating system, but because of the instability of solar energy resources, basically need to be used as a regular energy sources, such as the use of electric boilers, fuel (gas) boilers auxiliary heating. The high temperature air source heat pump combined with solar energy for building hot water supply and heating system can save a lot of energy costs and reduce environmental pollution; While the temperature of the solar collector greatly enhance the heat absorption efficiency and reduce the collector's investment. With the utilization of new energy sources and the further promotion of energy-saving building technologies, the building energy consumption will be gradually reduced and the application space of high-temperature air source heat pumps will become larger and larger. More applications will emerge. High-temperature air source heat pump technology development With the deepening of the research units of high temperature air source heat pump and a large number of new technologies continue to emerge, high-temperature air source heat pump technology will continue to develop, its operating efficiency, water temperature, the scope of application will continue Improvements to meet all aspects of heating needs.

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