North China Electric Power University designs solar cells with antireflection and self-cleaning functions

Solar car zero pollution, energy is inexhaustible, it is known as the "future car." However, dust, exhaust gas, mist, and rain often contaminate large-area exposed solar panels, resulting in limited photoelectric conversion efficiency.

How can we solve this problem? Looking at the Starry Sky team from North China Electric Power University, we have designed a solar cell cover glass with anti-reflection and self-cleaning functions that can increase the output current of on-board solar cells by about 30%. The team stood out in the National Youth Popular Science Innovation Experimental Competition and won the first place in the Beijing University Group.

Battery cover dust caused by dust

The Shanghai girl Wang Jian discovered that when a solar car's battery is in winter, especially when it is hazy, it is easy to be gray and affect the power supply. Starting from on-board solar cells, Wang Jian discovered that the current use of solar energy has a low absorption rate of incident light, which results in limited photoelectric conversion efficiency and environmental degradation and shortened service life.

With problems discovered during high school, Wang Jian entered the North China Electric Power University where she met a like-minded classmate, Tang Yue. They are both classmates and roommates. They decided to use their creativity to solve problems.

Bionics principle opens the way

“We decided to start from the outside and use solar cell coverslips as research objects to increase efficiency.” Wang Jian and Tang Yue found that the batteries of solar cars are outdoors for a long time. Few people regularly clean it. Can they invent a kind of self? The clean way to solve the problem of reduced light transmission due to pollution?

“Everybody has seen the lotus leaves in the rain. The raindrops will condense into drops of water. If this principle is applied to the glass, it can use the condensing beaded rainwater to roll off the dust and clean the glass.” Tang Yue Explain that with reference to the principle of lotus leaf, due to the surface tension and the resistance of the air between the convex bodies, the water droplets on the bionic object always shrink into a spherical shape, so that the contact angle becomes larger, the hydrophobicity is enhanced, and the self-cleaning function is provided.

In addition, increasing the incident rate of sunlight and reducing the reflectivity are also ways to increase the efficiency. The principle of optical anti-reduction of moth complex eye has long been applied in related fields. Referring to the relationship between the self-cleaning of the surface of the lotus leaf in the natural world and the optical anti-reduction principle of the moth compound eye, Wang Jian and Tang Yue proposed a nanowire structure applied to the surface of a solar cell, which can prevent pollution and reduce back-reflection. .

Dozens of trials to find the optimum process

Wang Jian and Tang Yue applied for the "Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program" to support the team's "snowball" also rolled up. “Aspiring classmates and friends in this area continue to join. In addition to our two majors in electrical and electronic engineering, the team also has expertise in petroleum, nuclear power, communications, and renewable energy.”

In order to find the best value, the students did more than 40 tests to find the most appropriate corrosion time and temperature. Tang Yue said that the micro-nano bionic surface structure preparation process is controllable and low in cost. “The price per square meter of solar cells is about RMB 1,000. According to our design method, the processing price per square meter is about 5 to 10 yuan, and the input and output is relatively large, which lays the foundation for promotion to practical large-scale use.”

Increase the output current by about 30%

Due to limited laboratory conditions in the school, the project team got in touch with the manufacturer, and designed the outdoor simulation working condition comparison experiment with the help of the manufacturer: one set of solar cells were pasted with untreated original glass cover sheets, and the other set of solar cells were pasted and treated. The cover glass was used to test the output power of two solar cells. Subsequently, two sets of solar cells were placed in the outdoor test area to test the change in output power of the two sets of solar cells.

After 30 days, the solar cell output voltage did not change substantially, but the output current changed significantly. Since the surface has the antireflection and antireflection properties of the nanostructured glass cover sheet, the output current of the solar cell after the treatment is increased by about 5% over the original sample.

Due to the pollution, the output current of the solar cell corresponding to the original cover glass drops by about 25%, the current of the solar cell corresponding to the cover of the nanostructured glass cover decreases by about 10%, and the output current of the solar cell after treatment increases by about 30%. Stability has improved significantly.

Patent application will improve promotion

The process is simple, economical, and effective. It can increase the output power of solar cells to a certain extent and improve the stability. The design of Wang Jian and Tang Yue team has obvious market advantages in the large area of ​​outdoor solar applications. Not long ago, in the National Youth Popular Science Innovation Experimental Competition, the project won the first place in Beijing and the third place in the country. In the process of participating in the competition, this design has also attracted the attention of the market. Many manufacturers have made contact with this college student innovation team.

At present, this project is applying for a patent, and has also reached cooperation with a research institute in Shanghai to try out in the field of civil solar photovoltaic. Tang Yue admitted frankly: “There are many uncertainties in the promotion of industrial production. Only by ensuring that the technology is in place can we overcome the imprecise conditions and disadvantages. In addition, the large-scale application of nanotechnology has a world-wide problem – not wear and tear, How we can extend the service life of our design is also an aspect of our exploration."

Tang Yue said that the follow-up project team plans to start a business venture. In the initial stage of the venture, it is planned to purchase small-scale production equipment and tooling, etc. through government and corporate funding to achieve small-batch production and improve the process. Through promotion, the goal of long-term supply for major solar cell manufacturers is finally achieved.

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