[Taiwan Fire Safety Manual] Guidelines for Mountain Rescue Safety

After receiving the mission instruction, relevant site information should be collected immediately, and the weather conditions, altitude, mobile phone and radio communication area, and the conditions of mountain water sources should be grasped in order to facilitate the development of search and rescue plans, route planning and preparation of various search and rescue equipment. Food drinking water.

2,

If it is necessary to perform a snow task or may encounter a snowfall situation, it should be carried out by personnel trained in snow. It is strictly forbidden for people who have not received snow training to perform snow search and rescue missions, and clothing for snow warming should be provided. Sheds, sleeping bags, snow boots and crampons, ice axes, snow mirrors or sunglasses and other related equipment.

3,

Carry satellite phones, mobile phones and radios, and other communication tools to understand the way of communication in preparation for the use of joint command posts for regular, fixed-point reports and emergency requests.

4,

Rescue workers should wear sweat suits and sweat trousers to adjust body temperature at the right time (absolutely banned from wearing cotton clothes to avoid absorption of sweat and water, causing temperature loss in rest or low temperature areas), and to prevent the body and clothing from getting wet, always pay attention Keep warm, maintain body temperature and physical condition, do not hard support, in order to prevent the phenomenon of high mountain temperature loss.

5,

The establishment of joint command organization team action, and set aside communications, intelligence, supplies, mobile standby personnel, which will help organize the convergence of search and rescue information, and search and rescue personnel to provide emergency relief.

6,

The police officers should all understand the search and rescue missions and the location, route and scope of the search and rescue, as well as the assistance of other teams and the search and rescue areas, so that they can help each other if necessary.

7,

If the mission is to be carried out, the helicopter must fly directly to the altitude of more than 2,750 meters . In order to prevent the altitude sickness from happening, it is necessary to use the altitude of the mountain for two weeks.

8,

The distance between the players before and after the march of the team cannot be pulled too long, so that they can see and respond to each other as restrictions. Rescue team personnel must act collectively and cannot act alone. If it is necessary to leave the team (for example, to obtain water ) , at least two or more members should be arranged to travel with each other. One or more members of the team must carry maps, compasses and satellite locators ( GPS ). And other positioning tools.

9,

When loosening the soil and rock in the mountainous area, attention should be paid to the falling of the earth and stone above, and a designated person should observe the change of rockfall, or place a warning sign on the ground. When passing through complex terrain, the safe position of the footing should be selected, and ropes should be used to ensure the safety of rescue workers. The staff fell down the valley.

10、

After entering the mountainous area, pay attention to weather changes at any time. If there is excessive rain, thunder, or heavy fog, consider whether to suspend the search and rescue work and find a shelter on the spot to avoid accidents such as loss of temperature, lightning strikes or getting lost. occur. If the rain is too great or there is a possibility of falling rock, the staff will withdraw as much as possible to the camp to ensure safety.

11.

Do not drink stream water directly to avoid physical discomfort or parasite infection. If you need to take it out due to lack of drinking water, you should boil it or use a filter to clean it.

12,

If you are separated from the search and rescue team, you should observe the situation "return to the departure place (into the mountain pass or the last meeting with the team)", "stay in place" or "looking for shelter to wait for rescue", and make proper use of sound, lighting and communication Equipment to the outside world for help; do not panic and run around, so as not to waste physical strength.

13,

During the search and rescue process, it is necessary to add water at any time, and the water can be quickly discharged in multiple rows to avoid the occurrence of altitude sickness, and it will not cause a large loss of water. If present ( 1 ) Acute altitude sickness AMS (headache and accompanied by any of the following: weakness; gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite; dizziness and dizziness; poor sleep); ( 2 ) high altitude cerebral edema HACE (Coordination loss, gait instability, or change in consciousness) and ( 3 ) High Altitude Pulmonary Edema HAPE (discomfort during breathing, coughing, weakness, or loss of exercise capacity, chest tightness) should be immediately lowered (Altitude sickness gold law).

14,

Before performing on-site rescue missions, firefighters must wear full personal protective equipment before they can begin their rescue mission.

15,

When performing rescue missions, establish an operational area and control the rescue personnel below to prevent accidents when the earth and stone breaks. The rescue personnel at the bottom should send security officers to guard them. If a rockfall phenomenon is found, they should immediately warn and remind the rescue personnel to try to stop or avoid the emergency.

16,

When erecting rescue tools and fixing points at site, the strength of the ground and fixed points should be confirmed to prevent slipping during operation and causing danger. If any loose stones are found, the stones should be removed or fixed away from the main ropes.

17.

Through the cliff there is a risk of falling, you must use fall protection equipment, such as: climbing safety harness to do security use; when fall valley long span rescue, it is recommended to use a full body harness and double strand that it is safe, prepare the system set up To ensure the safety of operators, rope rescue installations must be erected by rescue workers trained in ropes.

18.

If the site permits, you should choose the landing rescue with less risk; if the site is limited, use the hanging method to rescue. The main control right in this way is the crew and let the helicopter stagnate and the center of gravity offset time is relatively long. With the impact of gusts and turbulence, the risk is relatively high and will be considered together.

19.

Helicopter landing site selection: small helicopters 30 * 30 meters , medium-sized helicopters 50 * 50 meters , large helicopters 75 * 75 meters .

20.

FOD ( Foreign Object Damage , all items that can cause damage to the aircraft) around the take-off and landing point should be cleared before the take-off and landing of the aircraft, and the loosened animals and equipment around the work area, as well as personnel and vehicle controls. Waiting for work.

twenty one,

In the landing area, special personnel shall be assigned to guide and command the aircraft to enter the field, and use the radio (National Disaster Relief Channel 149.250 ) to inform the basic data such as wind direction, wind speed, and hazardous materials before the helicopter enters the court .

twenty two,

Before approaching the aircraft, check unfixed accessories (such as hats, bags, umbrellas, clothes, scarves, etc.) on yourself, the patient or the people on the plane and fix or remove them.

twenty three,

Helicopter rotors are the most dangerous area at any moment, and it is forbidden to approach from behind the helicopter. When approaching the helicopter from the left and right sides, it should be guided by the mechanic to bend over, walk fast and enter from the left and right of the nose, and keep the signal of the flight crew's gesture visible at all times.

twenty four,

When the helicopter is in the hanging operation, it is prevented from being hit by the hanging basket or the cable and hooked. The non-operators must not enter the helicopter operation range.

V. Conclusion

Based on the above several cases and safety precautions, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Strengthen rescue personnel's search and rescue capabilities, field survival skills and physical strength to prepare for unexpected situations in the future.

2. Give full play to the functions of the joint headquarters. Each of them performs data collection, press release, and logistic replenishment, not only to grasp the latest situation but also to adapt to the situation, and to communicate with the higher authorities or related units to appease family emotions and media. Press Releases.

3 , the mountain area accident rescue is a team work, but also across the organs and professional areas of work, only the various units to play their strengths, in order to minimize the damage to the accident.

This article is sourced from the "Taiwanese Firefighters Handbook," which was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.

Related Links: Mountain Distress and Fire Emergency Rescue Measures