Pay attention to the dilution regulations of pesticides

When applying pesticides, you will inevitably face challenges in preparing the correct solution. Most pesticide formulations—such as wettable powders, emulsions, or water-dispersible granules—are highly concentrated. Using them directly can cause phytotoxicity and harm the crops. Therefore, it is essential to dilute them to a safe concentration before application. At the same time, the pesticide must be evenly distributed across the field or on the crop. Dilution reduces the concentration, but if it becomes too weak, the effectiveness of the pesticide may be lost. To ensure both safety and efficacy, the instructions often specify either a maximum concentration or a maximum dosage per unit area. This helps prevent overuse and ensures proper application. For example, when treating tomato early blight, you can use a 14% lycopene copper aqueous solution or a 50% copper succinate (DT) wettable powder diluted at a ratio of 500 times. That means mixing 1 liter of the 14% solution with 300 liters of water, or 1 kg of the 50% wettable powder with 500 liters of water. Since 1 kg of water equals approximately 1 liter, the lycopene copper is prepared by volume, while the copper succinate is measured by weight. Although there might be minor discrepancies, they are negligible in practical farming. Another common method is specifying the amount of pesticide per unit area and the corresponding volume of water. For instance, to control white-backed planthoppers, you would apply 30–40 grams of 25% chlorpyrifos WP per acre, mixed with 50–75 kg of water. This is the clearest and most widely used explanation in pesticide guidelines. In some cases, the instructions focus only on the dosage per unit area without specifying the exact water volume. For example, when controlling rice leaf rollers, 900–1500 ml of 48% chlorpyrifos EC is recommended per hectare, with water used for spraying. The amount of water may vary depending on the equipment used, but the key is to maintain the correct amount of active ingredient per unit area. This approach is also commonly used for herbicides. In these scenarios, no complex calculations are needed—just accurate weighing ensures effective and safe application. For plant growth regulators, the concentration of the active ingredient is usually specified in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). For instance, to control cotton growth, a concentration of 60–80 mg/L is recommended, which is equivalent to 60–80 ppm. If using a 25% concentrate, the calculation would be 60–80 mg/L divided by 25%, resulting in a need to mix 240–320 ml of the concentrate with 1 liter of water. By understanding these three different approaches, preparing pesticide solutions becomes much simpler and more manageable.

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