Pay attention to the dilution regulations of pesticides
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When applying pesticides, you will inevitably face challenges in preparing the solution. Pesticides such as wettable powders, emulsions, or water-dispersible granules are usually highly concentrated. Using them directly can lead to phytotoxicity, which harms the crops. Therefore, it's essential to dilute them to a safe concentration before application. At the same time, the pesticide must be evenly distributed across the field or on the plants. Dilution helps reduce the concentration, but if it's too low, the effectiveness of the pesticide may be compromised. To ensure both safety and efficacy, the instructions often specify either the concentration of the solution or the amount of active ingredient per unit area. These guidelines help farmers apply the right dosage without overuse or underuse.
For example, when treating tomato blight, the instructions might recommend using a 14% lycopene copper aqueous solution or a 50% copper succinate (DT) wettable powder diluted at a ratio of 500 times. This means mixing 1 liter of the 14% solution with 300 liters of water, or 1 kg of the 50% wettable powder with 500 liters of water. Since 1 kg of water is roughly equivalent to 1 liter, the first is expressed by volume while the second by weight. Although there may be slight differences, these variations are negligible in practical farming scenarios. Similar instructions often mention the amount of pesticide per unit area and the corresponding volume of water. For instance, controlling white-backed planthoppers may require 30–40 grams of 25% chlorpyrifos WP per acre, combined with 50–75 kg of water. This method is clear, widely used, and easy to follow.
In some cases, the instructions focus on the amount of pesticide per unit area rather than the total volume of water. For example, when controlling rice leaf rollers, the recommendation might be 900–1500 ml of 48% chlorpyrifos EC per hectare, sprayed with water. The exact amount of water can vary depending on the spraying equipment used, but the key is to maintain the correct amount of active ingredient per unit area. Most herbicide instructions follow this approach.
In these situations, no complex calculations are needed—just accurate weighing ensures proper and safe application.
When dealing with plant growth regulators, the concentration of the active ingredient is usually specified in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). For example, to control cotton growth, the recommended concentration is 60–80 mg/L, which is equivalent to 60–80 ppm. If the product has a 25% concentration, the dosage would be calculated by dividing 60–80 mg/L by 25%, resulting in 240–320 ml of the concentrate mixed with 1 liter of water.
Understanding these three different scenarios makes it much easier to prepare the pesticide solution correctly. By following the instructions carefully and paying attention to the units and ratios, farmers can ensure effective and safe pesticide use.