Analysis of mine safety management and technology

Introduction

Electrical safety management plays a crucial role in the overall operations of any enterprise, especially in mining environments. It involves both organizational and technical strategies aimed at preventing electrical accidents and ensuring the safe operation of electrical systems. Given the high risks associated with electricity in underground mining, effective electrical safety measures are essential for protecting workers, equipment, and infrastructure. Electrical safety is not just about avoiding accidents—it's about creating a system where safety is the primary goal. Broadly speaking, electrical safety technology has two main objectives: first, to understand the causes, characteristics, and patterns of electrical accidents and implement preventive measures; second, to use monitoring, inspection, and control methods to evaluate or resolve safety issues in production environments. Therefore, maintaining strong electrical safety practices is fundamental to reducing casualties and improving operational efficiency.

1. Electrical Safety Management

1.1 Emphasizing the "Safety First" Policy

Safety should always be the top priority in any mining operation. The policy of “safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive governance” must be strictly followed to foster a culture of safety that puts people at the center. Human life is the most basic need, and despite advances in technology, electrical accidents remain a significant concern in mining. Historical incidents, such as the electric shocks on July 31st, 2001, and April 29th, 2004, serve as reminders that proactive measures are essential. By focusing on early detection and elimination of potential hazards, we can ensure a safer working environment and reduce the risk of accidents before they occur.

1.2 Key Aspects of Mine Electrical Safety Management

1.2.1 Establishing a Robust Management Structure

Electricians work in high-risk conditions, making it essential to have a dedicated team responsible for their training and licensing. With the increasing use of electrical systems in mines, the number of electricians has grown, and they are often spread across different departments. A well-organized structure ensures that all personnel are properly trained and equipped to handle electrical tasks safely.

1.2.2 Developing Comprehensive Rules and Regulations

Clear and practical guidelines are essential for maintaining electrical safety. These include safety procedures, installation standards, and maintenance protocols tailored to the specific needs of each mine. Regular inspections, proper grounding, and adherence to maintenance schedules help prevent equipment failures and ensure long-term reliability. Additionally, strict compliance with work permits and supervision systems is necessary, especially during high-voltage operations.

1.2.3 Conducting Regular Electrical Safety Inspections

Mine electrical systems should undergo routine inspections to identify and address potential issues. Special attention should be given to electrical equipment, insulation quality, and grounding systems. Inspections should also cover lighting systems, portable tools, and fire suppression equipment. Underground transformers and critical devices must be monitored closely, with detailed records kept for reference and audits.

1.2.4 Promoting Safety Education and Training

Training is key to ensuring that all workers understand how to use electrical equipment safely. New employees should receive multi-level safety education, while experienced workers must stay updated on best practices. Electricians, in particular, need to be familiar with operating procedures, emergency response, and safety certifications. Only those who pass exams and obtain proper credentials should be allowed to work independently.

1.2.5 Managing Safety Records and Data

Accurate documentation of safety data is vital for tracking performance and identifying areas for improvement. Important records include system diagrams, equipment specifications, test results, and incident reports. Maintaining these records helps ensure accountability and supports continuous improvement in electrical safety practices.

2. Mine Electrical Safety Technology

2.1 Power Distribution in Mines

2.1.1 Classification of Power Loads

Power loads in mines are categorized based on their importance and impact on operations. Primary loads, such as ventilation and drainage systems, require continuous power supply to avoid catastrophic consequences. Secondary loads affect production significantly if power is interrupted, while tertiary loads have less critical impacts. Proper classification ensures that power distribution systems are designed to meet the specific needs of each load type.

2.1.2 Voltage Levels in Underground Power Systems

The voltage levels used in mine power systems are carefully regulated to ensure safety. High-voltage networks typically operate below 10 kV, while low-voltage systems range from 380V to 660V. Lighting and portable tools must use safe voltages, such as 36V or 12V, especially in wet or confined spaces. These standards help minimize the risk of electric shocks and equipment damage.

2.2 Selection of Electrical Equipment for Underground Use

Only certified mining electrical equipment should be used in underground environments. This includes general-purpose and explosion-proof types, with the latter designed for hazardous gas atmospheres. All equipment must carry proper markings, such as the "EX" symbol, to indicate its safety rating. Compliance with regulations is essential to prevent accidents and ensure reliable operation.

2.3 Main Methods of Electrical Safety Protection

Several protective measures are employed to enhance electrical safety, including grounding, zeroing, relay protection, leakage detection, overcurrent protection, lightning protection, and the use of safe voltages. Each method addresses specific risks and contributes to a comprehensive safety strategy. For example, grounding prevents dangerous voltages from building up, while relay protection isolates faulty circuits quickly to prevent further damage.

2.4 Basic Safety Measures for Mine Electrical Work

Key safety measures include using insulated tools, maintaining safe distances, implementing electrical interlocks, and using appropriate safety signs. Workers must follow strict safety protocols, wear protective gear, and be trained in emergency response procedures. These measures are essential for minimizing the risk of electric shocks and other electrical hazards.

2.5 Safety Measures for Electrical Operations

When performing electrical repairs or installations, strict safety protocols must be followed. This includes using work tickets, having supervisors present, and implementing technical safeguards such as power shutdowns, grounding, and warning signs. These steps help protect workers from unexpected electrical hazards and ensure that all operations are conducted safely.

2.6 Electrical Injuries and Prevention

2.6.1 Types and Risks of Electrical Accidents in Mines

Electrical accidents in mines can take many forms, including equipment failures, electric shocks, electromagnetic injuries, lightning strikes, electrostatic discharges, and fire or explosion incidents. These accidents can result in severe injuries, equipment damage, and even fatalities. Understanding the causes and risks is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.

2.6.2 Causes of Electric Shocks and Preventive Strategies

Electric shocks can occur due to various factors, such as faulty wiring, improper grounding, or exposure to live parts. To prevent such incidents, strict adherence to safety procedures, regular maintenance, and the use of protective devices like leakage detectors and grounding systems are required. Workers must also be trained to recognize and respond to potential hazards promptly.

3. Conclusion

Electrical safety management and technology are inseparable components of a safe mining operation. By following the "Mine Safety Law" and applying proven safety practices, companies can significantly reduce the likelihood of electrical accidents. Continuous improvement, employee training, and strict adherence to safety protocols are essential to ensuring the long-term success and safety of mine operations.