Guiding Opinions on Summer Soybean Production Technology in Huanghuaihai Area in 2017

Recently, there have been many strong precipitation weather processes in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, and soil moisture has been significantly improved. All localities should seize the favorable opportunity to ensure that summer soybeans are suitable for sowing. In order to promote the production of summer soybeans in Huanghuai, the Ministry of Agriculture's Soybean Expert Steering Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center have proposed to provide guidance on the production technology of soybeans this summer.

Improve the quality of seeding. The key to high yield of summer soybean in Huanghuaihai area is Miaoquan Miaozhuang. Where there are conditions, it is necessary to vigorously promote the cultivation of no-till and straw. If the seedlings are sown, the stalks will be smashed in time after the wheat harvest, and the seeding of rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, and suppression will be used to improve the quality of the seeding. In the case of drought in the northern part of the Huanghuaihai area, it should be watered and sown, and the sandy soil can be poured into the head water. When planting in the southern part of the Huanghuaihai area, attention should be paid to the opening of the three ditch to reduce the damage of the soybean growth period. Generally, the amount of seed used is 4-6 kg, the row spacing is about 40 cm, and the seedlings are 1.5-18,000 per acre. Apply enough base fertilizer at the time of sowing, apply fertilizer (a compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 10-25 kg per acre, and apply fertilizer to 4-6 cm below the seed side to prevent fertilizer and seeds. Same position, affecting seed emergence. In addition, the amount of seeding should be adjusted in time according to the germination rate of the seed.

Screen suitable varieties. According to the natural conditions and planting levels of different regions, appropriate soybean varieties should be selected reasonably. Pay attention to the selection of high-yield, high-protein, disease-resistant soybeans suitable for mechanized harvesting to meet the needs of the edible soybean consumer market. The heat condition in the southern part of Huanghuaihai is relatively good, and the varieties with relatively long growth period can be selected, such as Zhonghuang 13, Xudou 14, Qidou 28, Qidou No. 9, Zheng 92116, Shangdou No. 6, and Kidney Bean. Cowpea 35 and so on. In the central region, soybean varieties suitable for planting and maturity in the region should be selected, such as Qihuang 34, Qidou 17, Qidou No. 5, Zhonghuang 39, Hedou 13, Zheng 196 and Qindou No. 8. In the northern region, the varieties with relatively short growth period should be selected, such as cowpea 12, cowpea 17, cowpea 19, Wuxing 4, cowpea 6, cowpea 10, Zhonghuang 35, Zhonghuang 37, Kefeng 14, medium Huang 30, Kidney Bean No. 7, No. 8 Kidney, Shidou No. 4, Shidou No. 8, Baodou No. 3, etc. According to meteorological predictions, the incidence of drought during the growth of soybeans this year is relatively large. It should be prevented early and soybean varieties with better drought resistance should be selected.

Scientific regulation of fertilizer and water. Most of the soybean fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai area have low soil organic matter content. When harvesting crops such as wheat, the straw should be returned to the field as much as possible to increase the soil organic matter content, and appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and less nitrogen fertilizer. Seed dressing with Rhizobium. On the basis of the application of the base fertilizer, if the soybeans are not sealed before and after the flowering period, about 10 kg of soybean special fertilizer or compound fertilizer will be applied per mu. When the rainfall in the flower pod period is concentrated and the time is long, the ditch should be drained in time to prevent waterlogging. In case of drought, it should be watered in time to promote flowering and pod formation, and increase the number of seeds per plant and 100-grain weight. In the middle and late stages of soybean growth, foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar treasure, and American star can be sprayed to prevent premature senescence and increase grain weight. For the fields that are prosperous in the early stage, large in group, and tend to have a long trend, they can be controlled and prevented before the initial flowering.

Control pests and diseases. The Huanghuaihai area should focus on the prevention and control of soybean root rot, cockroach, black bean larvae, larvae, and downy mildew, gray planthopper, soybean aphid, heartworm, cotton bollworm and red spider. In addition to the selection of resistant varieties to control root rot, suitable seed coating agents can be used to control and control underground pests such as cockroaches. Soybeans are used to control the black stalk of the bean stalk 10-20 days after emergence. In the seedling stage and in the middle and late growth stages, high-efficiency and low-toxic agents are used to control pests such as red spiders, aphids, bridge-building insects and leafhoppers. In the morning or evening, the pest activity is slower, and the medication is better. Chemical weeding is the main means of weed control in soybean fields, and it is an important measure for the light and simplified cultivation of soybean. Since soybean is very sensitive to many chemical herbicides, suitable high-efficiency and low-toxic herbicides should be selected and used in strict accordance with the recommended dosages to avoid causing soybean damage or affecting crop growth in the current season. For plots with large amounts of straw in the field, herbicides can be selected for post-emergence weeding according to soil conditions, weed species and grass age.

Harvest at the right time. Soybeans are harvested in time after they are cooked. The harvester should be equipped with a special harvesting header for soybean harvesting, or reduce the height of harvester headers such as wheat and rice. The height of the header is not more than 17 cm, so as to reduce the impact of the reel on the plant and reduce the loss of pods and falling weight. . Correctly select and adjust the rotation speed and clearance of the barrel to reduce the damage rate of soybean seeds. If there are more weeds in the soybean field before harvesting, the grass can be removed manually, or chemical herbicides can be used to weed one week in advance. When the machine is closed, the dew should be avoided to prevent the grain from adhering to the soil and affect the appearance quality. (National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Soybean Expert Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture)