Introduction to sculpture crafts

Sculpture crafts refer to small or decorative handicrafts made from materials such as wood, stone, brick, bamboo, ivory, and animal bones, often combined with clay, clay paste, or glutinous rice. These are artistic creations that involve carving and shaping, representing a traditional form of craftsmanship with deep cultural significance. The history of sculpture in China dates back thousands of years, with early forms including clay and pottery sculptures. During the late Paleolithic era, carvings from bone, stone, wood, and ivory began to appear. For example, an ivory tube found at the Dawenkou site in Shandong Province demonstrates advanced craftsmanship. Similarly, stone and wood carvings from the Neolithic period have been discovered at the Daxi site in Sichuan, while a wooden "small fish" unearthed at the Hemudu site in Zhejiang is a realistic three-dimensional sculpture. During the Shang Dynasty, jade, bone, and ivory carvings flourished. Common items included small daily objects like combs, rulers, needles, and musical instruments. Decorative motifs such as Yunlei, 餮, 夔, and phoenix were often inlaid with jade and turquoise. Stone carvings were primarily used for tombs and architectural decorations. In the Warring States period, many carved artifacts were found in Hunan and Hubei, featuring simple yet expressive designs. The use of painting and lacquerwork created a vibrant art form that blended sculpture with visual arts. In the Qin and Han dynasties, Tao Xun (terracotta figures) became widespread, depicting people, dancers, acrobats, and animals. The Wadang tiles and portrait bricks of the Han era used line engraving techniques, influencing later developments in brick sculpture during the Song dynasty. From the Jin to the Tang dynasties, stone carvings and colorful sculptures in temples and grottoes thrived, along with architectural elements made of stone and wood. Folk sculpture in the Song dynasty saw rapid growth, especially in Suzhou and Hangzhou, which became major centers for colored plastic art. One famous piece was the "Moro" doll, a small clay figure used during the Qixi Festival, evolving into the iconic "Water Lily Boy" sculpture. In the Yuan dynasty, Chinese sculptors incorporated influences from Nepalese and other foreign styles. Notable artisans included Anigo and Liu Yuan. The Ming dynasty saw the rise of bamboo and wood carvings in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, with Jiading becoming known for its fine bamboo work. In the Qing dynasty, various regional specialties emerged, such as Beijing ivory carvings, Zhejiang Qingtian stone carvings, Fuzhou Shoushan stone carvings, Guangdong Chaozhou golden lacquer wood carvings, and Dongyang wood carvings. Renowned masters like Du Shiyuan, Yang Lan, Shi Tianzhang, and Zeng Yingjun were employed in the imperial court, further elevating the status of these crafts.

Grips Clips And Clamps

A wire rope clamp (sometimes called a clip) is used to secure the loose end of the loop back to the wire rope. It usually consists of a U-bolt, a forged saddle, and two nuts. Two layers of wire rope are placed on the U-bolts. Then slide the saddle over the rope and attach to the bolts (the saddle includes two holes for the U-bolts). Nuts hold the unit in place. The wire rope is usually terminated using two or more clips depending on the diameter. A 2" (50.8 mm) diameter rope may require as many as eight.
There is an old saying: "A dead horse is without a saddle". This means that when installing the clips, the saddle portion of the assembly should be placed on the load bearing or "live" side of the cable, not the non-load bearing or "live" side of the cable. The "no power" side. According to U.S. Navy Manual S9086-UU-STM-010 Chapter 613R3, Wire and Fiber Ropes and Slings, "This is to protect the live or pressure-bearing end of the rope from pinching and damage. The flat bearing housing and body (saddle-shaped ) extension claws are designed to protect the rope and remain on the live end at all times."[18]

The U.S. Navy and most regulatory agencies do not recommend using such clips as permanent terminals unless regularly inspected and retightened. Encyclopedia website: ewikizh.top

Grips Clips And Clamps

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