What is the art of light industry

The art of light industry, particularly in glassworking, involves the manipulation of glass tubes as a base material. Using a specialized torch flame, artisans perform techniques such as bending, blowing, pressing, and welding by taking advantage of the thermoplastic properties of heated glass. This process is a secondary thermal shaping method commonly used in the production of various glass instruments and products, including thermometers, vacuum flasks, bulbs, syringes, ampoules, control bottles, and electric vacuum devices. Depending on the type of processing, this technique can be divided into three main categories. First, there's glass deformation processing. In this method, the glass is heated until it becomes soft, and then shaped using external force or internal air pressure. Tasks like bending, blowing, stretching, rotating, and sealing the bottom of a tube fall under this category. Examples include the production of condensing tube cores, spiral cores, the vitreous bottoms of vacuum flasks, and the rounded bases of test tubes. Second, glass parts are welded together. After being fired, the glass components are joined through welding to create a unified structure. This includes items like pipe fittings, T-joints, inner and outer sleeves, and mouth rings. When welding the same type of glass, the process is generally safe. However, when different types of glass are used, a mismatch in their thermal expansion coefficients can cause stress after cooling, potentially leading to cracks or breakage. For example, quartz glass and regular glass are often challenging to weld due to these differences. To resolve this, intermediate glasses with similar expansion coefficients are used. Ideally, the difference between the two should be less than 6 × 10⁻⁷ /°C. Third, glass parts are sealed with metal. Here, it’s important to use a type of glass that has a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the metal. If the difference is too large, alternative methods such as using transition glass, soft metal filaments, or thin metal foils can help compensate for the stress at the seal. These materials allow for some flexibility, reducing the risk of structural failure. Features of this craft include its aesthetic beauty and unique craftsmanship, making each piece a work of art. The combination of skill, precision, and creativity makes glassworking not only functional but also visually striking. Whether it's a simple bulb or a complex vacuum device, every product reflects the artisan’s mastery over the material.

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