Cabbage field management technical points

Summer cabbage is a variety of Chinese cabbage that thrives during the transitional period between summer and autumn. This is a time when vegetable supply tends to be limited, making it a season with high economic potential. However, due to the high temperatures and frequent rain in summer, it's also a peak season for pests and diseases. Therefore, when growing summer cabbage, it's crucial to focus on key management practices. Choosing the right varieties and implementing proper cultivation techniques are essential for achieving stable yields and high productivity. The main varieties of summer cabbage are known for their heat tolerance, resistance to wind, viral diseases, soft rot, and waterlogging. They also have a short growth cycle, high yield, and good quality. Examples include Heat-resistant White No. 45, Early Maturity No. 5, Xiafeng, Xialu, Xiaqiubao, Japan Xiahui, Xiayou, and Xiayang. These varieties are well-suited for sowing in summer and can thrive under challenging conditions. First, avoid soil compaction by preparing the field thoroughly and applying sufficient organic fertilizer to improve soil health. It's important to avoid planting cruciferous crops continuously and to combine this with organic fertilization to meet the short growth period needs of summer cabbage. Since summer cabbage grows vigorously and requires a lot of water and nutrients but isn't very resilient, it's best to use a heavy base fertilizer and raised bed planting method. This allows for efficient watering and drainage after rain. Apply 3000–5000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30–50 kg of superphosphate, and 10–20 kg of potassium chloride or sulfate per acre. Second, choose the right sowing time to ensure strong seedlings. Sowing should begin from mid-May to early July. The seeding methods include strip sowing and hole sowing. For an acre, about 0.25 kg of seeds are used for strip sowing, while 0.15 kg is needed for hole sowing. To ensure healthy germination, pay attention to the following: water the furrows after sowing without letting water flow over the ridges to prevent soil crusting. Ensure the bottom of the furrow or hole is flat, and cover the seeds with fine, loose soil. Avoid sowing in direct sunlight—best to sow in the evening or afternoon so that the seedlings emerge after two days and are not exposed to harsh sun immediately. Also, take precautions against pests. Third, manage the field carefully. After germination, thin the plants at three stages: first when the heart leaves appear, second when there are 2–3 leaves, and third when there are 5–6 leaves. Since the growth period is short, transplanting is usually not required. Apply urea after the seedlings are established—15 kg per acre with water. During the head-forming stage, apply another 25 kg of urea per acre. Water regularly, especially when there’s no rain, every 2–3 days. Drain excess water promptly during rainy periods to avoid waterlogging. Fourth, focus on early prevention and treatment of pests and diseases. Summer cabbage is prone to downy mildew and soft rot. To prevent downy mildew, spray 75% chlorothalonil (500 times), 65% mancozeb (500 times), or 40% ethephos aluminum wettable powder (150–200 times). For soft rot, apply 2–3 sprays of streptomycin during the rosette stage. Before or during disease onset, spray 72% streptomycin sulfate (4000 times) and target the petioles and base of the stems. Remove infected plants promptly to reduce the spread of disease. Insect pests like aphids and cabbage worms can be controlled using 4.5% beta-cypermethrin (1000–1500 times). Eliminate weeds to prevent virus transmission. Finally, harvest on time. Due to the hot and humid summer climate, summer cabbage should be harvested when it reaches maturity, typically around 7–8 weeks. Adjust the harvesting time based on market demand to maximize profit. Harvest when prices are high to achieve better economic returns.

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