Cabbage field management technical points

Summer cabbage is a variety of Chinese cabbage cultivated between summer and autumn. This period typically experiences a low supply of vegetables, making it a season with high economic potential. However, the hot weather and frequent rain during summer create favorable conditions for pests and diseases. Therefore, when planting summer cabbage, it's crucial to focus on key management practices, such as selecting suitable varieties and implementing proper care techniques, to ensure stable yields and high productivity. The main varieties of summer cabbage are known for their heat tolerance, resistance to wind, viral diseases, soft rot, and water stress, along with a short growth cycle and high yield. Examples include Heat-Resistant White-45, Early Maturity 5, Xiafeng, Xialu, Xia Qiubao, Japan Xiahui, Xiayou, and Xiayang. These varieties are well-suited for sowing in the summer months. First, avoid soil compaction by preparing fine, loose soil and applying sufficient organic fertilizer to prevent nutrient deficiencies and reduce disease risk. It's also important to avoid planting summer cabbage after other cruciferous crops to prevent continuous cropping problems. Since summer cabbage has a short growing period, it’s advisable to apply organic fertilizer before planting. The recommended base fertilizer includes 3000–5000 kg of high-quality organic manure, 30–50 kg of superphosphate, and 10–20 kg of potassium chloride or sulfate. The planting method should involve heavy application of base fertilizer combined with raised beds to ensure good drainage and moisture retention. Second, choose the right time for sowing—ideally from mid-May to early July. Sowing can be done using either strip or hole methods. For an acre, approximately 0.25 kg of seed is used for strip sowing, while 0.15 kg is used for hole sowing. To ensure strong seedlings, attention must be paid to watering after sowing without flooding the ridges, keeping the soil surface loose, and avoiding excessive depth when covering seeds. Also, sowing in the evening or afternoon helps protect young shoots from direct sunlight, allowing them to emerge gradually and acclimate before exposure to the sun. Pest control is also essential during this stage. Third, manage the field effectively by thinning seedlings at appropriate stages. Typically, three thinning sessions are needed: the first when the heart leaves appear, the second when there are two to three leaves, and the third when there are five to six leaves. Since the growth period is short, transplanting is usually not required. Fertilization should be applied once the seedlings are established, using 15 kg of urea per acre. A second top-dressing of 25 kg of urea is recommended during the head-forming stage. Watering should be done every 2–3 days during dry periods, while drainage is necessary after rainy days to avoid waterlogging. Fourth, focus on early prevention and treatment of pests and diseases. Common issues include downy mildew and soft rot. To control downy mildew, use solutions like 75% chlorothalonil (500 times), 65% mancozeb (500 times), or 40% ethepham aluminum (150–200 times). For soft rot, spray 2–3 times with agricultural streptomycin during the rosette stage. Before or during the onset of disease, use 72% streptomycin sulfate (4000 times) and target the stems and leaf bases. Remove diseased plants promptly to prevent the spread of infection. Insect pests like aphids and cabbage caterpillars can be controlled with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin (1000–1500 times). Also, eliminate weeds to reduce the risk of viral infections. Finally, harvest the cabbage in a timely manner. Due to the high temperature and humidity in summer, it's best to harvest when the heads are firm and fully developed, usually around 7–8 weeks after planting. The exact timing can also depend on market demand, aiming to sell when prices are high to maximize economic returns.

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