Deep pine tillage and deep fertilization are indispensable

  In recent years, the winter wheat planting area has promoted the techniques of deep-soil deep-plowing and post-sowing repression, and many machines such as joint operations such as deep pine tillage, sowing, covering soil, and suppression have been completed. Deep pine tillage technology is positioned in the category of “less tillage” and “protective tillage”. It is a method to reduce the number of tillages or reduce the area of ​​cultivation within the production cycle, such as the implementation of annual round tillage.  
The current types of less tillage in northern China include: direct tillage after ploughing, exemption from cultivating; use of deep pine instead of tillage; rotary tillage instead of tillage; intervaled tillage and successive years of sowning, rotary tillage, ridge cropping, etc. In China, the use of chisel-shaped plows or other ripper flat cutting loose soils has also occurred in China. The strip-type farming method is to limit the ploughing to the rows, the rows are not cultivated, and the wreckage remains between the rows. Wait. The characteristics of this deep pine tillage technique are that after the operation, the soil in the plough layer is not disordered, and the amount of soil is small, which can effectively improve the permeability of the soil, improve the water storage capacity of the soil, and facilitate the deep rooting of the crop. In recent years, due to long-term implementation of slashing and ploughing in many areas, the plough layer is shallow, and a hard plough bottom layer is formed at about 20 cm. The presence of the plough bottom layer allows crops such as wheat and summer corn to grow only in shallow spaces. Root development is limited, which is unfavorable for the absorption of water and nutrients. The decline in soil quality in cultivated land has become a major obstacle to the continued high yields in many wheat areas. The deep loosening of the soil can not only break the bottom of the plow, but also improve the physical properties of the soil in the plough layer, improve soil permeability and water storage capacity, and is conducive to high yield and water saving of wheat production. However, the existing deep pine tillage techniques do not emphasize the cooperation of deep fertilization techniques. In fact, the existing deep pine tillage machinery is still unable to perfectly realize the practical problems of a large number of bottom fertilizers. However, as we all know, there are three main ways to fertilize farmland. First, increase the application of organic fertilizer and rational application of chemical fertilizer to improve the fertilization performance of farmland. Second, rational farming, including deep tillage to improve soil compaction, improve soil water storage and aeration performance, and promote microbial activities to accelerate the mineralization of soil organic matter. Improve the effective supply of nutrients. Third, rational irrigation and drainage, eliminating pollution.  
However, the current deep pine tillage machinery, including rotary tillers and chisel shovel, is difficult to satisfactorily complete the deep application requirements of the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer . The reasons include: First, the mechanical design is not enough, and it does not move. Second, different models belong to non-flip type ploughs. It is difficult to turn a large amount of organic fertilizer or chopped straw under the soil. It can only be blended in the shallow plough layer, resulting in mixed wheat seeds after sowing. In the plough layer of a large amount of organic fertilizer or broken straw, these coarse materials consume a large amount of water and nitrogen, forming a competition with the wheat seedlings for water and causing many voids in the soil layer, and not only the seedling conditions after sowing, but also To Miaoquan and Miaozhuang, it may also lead to the weakness and death of wheat seedlings during the spring drought in the coming year. In view of the current problem of shallow soil and poor soil quality in the straw returning field, the farmers' response is to increase the amount of sowing. In some areas, the amount of wheat has been increased to 30 kg per mu.  
Therefore, from the point of fertilization, the current deep pine tillage is still not ideal, and it is still not perfect. To this end, the experts specially reminded farmers when they returned from the grassroots investigation: 1. The combination of deep pine cultivation and deep fertilization is awesome! 2. The positioning of fertilization when planting wheat with the existing deep pine tillage is not a full-layer base fertilizer, but between the seed fertilizer and the base fertilizer; first, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of chemical fertilizer , especially the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied once. It is recommended that the fertilizer nitrogen be applied at the highest level of half, or 1/3 of the total nitrogen. If the nitrogen fertilizer is applied more, it is concentrated in the deep root layer, which is not only easy to burn, but also may cause waste. Do not position the amount and effect of this fertilization on the requirements of the full root layer of base fertilizer. Phosphate is the main factor in the proportion of nutrients. Fertilizer varieties may be diammonium phosphate or superphosphate plus urea, or superphosphate plus ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate or ammonium chloride. Special reminder is that half or more of the nitrogen fertilizer should be used in the next year to re-apply during the jointing stage. If ternary compound fertilizer is used, it is best not to choose high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. They are easy to cause unbalanced nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, which is not in line with the demand for wheat growth before winter, which causes the seedlings to be weak before winter, which is not conducive to wintering and returning to the next year. .