How to choose the right caster for your use
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When selecting casters and wheels for your equipment, it's essential to take into account several key factors to ensure optimal performance and durability. First, choose the right wheel material based on the environment and conditions where the wheels will be used. Consider the size of the surface, the presence of obstacles or residues like metal shavings or oil, and environmental factors such as high, normal, or low temperatures. Different materials are suitable for different scenarios: rubber wheels are not ideal for acidic or oily environments, while super polyurethane and high-strength polyurethane wheels are great for both indoor and outdoor use. Nylon and steel wheels are better suited for rough or metallic surfaces, and high-temperature wheels can withstand extreme heat.
Next, calculate the load capacity required for each caster. This involves knowing the weight of the equipment itself, the maximum load it will carry, and the number of wheels and casters in use. The formula is T = (E + Z) / M × N, where T is the required load per wheel, E is the equipment weight, Z is the maximum load, M is the number of wheels, and N is the safety factor (typically between 1.3 and 1.5).
Wheel diameter also plays a crucial role. Larger wheels make it easier to move the load, increase load capacity, and reduce damage to the floor. The size should be chosen based on the load weight and the force needed to start moving the equipment.
Choosing the right wheel hardness is important too. Soft wheels provide better shock absorption, while harder ones offer more stability. For example, super polyurethane and high-strength polyurethane wheels are versatile for both indoor and outdoor use, while high-strength synthetic rubber wheels are ideal for quiet environments like hospitals or hotels. Nylon and iron wheels work well on uneven or contaminated surfaces, and air pump wheels are best for light loads on soft terrain.
Rotational flexibility affects how easy it is to move the equipment. Bearings significantly influence this. Roller bearings support heavier loads but may have more resistance, while high-quality ball bearings made from bearing steel allow for smoother, quieter, and more efficient movement.
Temperature conditions also impact caster performance. Polyurethane wheels remain flexible even at -45°C, while high-temperature wheels operate smoothly at up to 275°C.
When choosing a wheel frame, consider the application. For places like supermarkets, schools, or offices with light loads (10–140kg per caster), a plated steel frame (2–4mm thick) is suitable due to its lightweight, smooth operation, and quiet performance. In heavy-duty environments like factories or warehouses (280–420kg per caster), a hot-forged, welded steel frame (5–6mm thick) with double-row ball bearings is recommended. For extremely heavy loads (350–1200kg per caster), thick steel frames (8–12mm) with reinforced bearings are necessary to ensure strength, flexibility, and durability.
Finally, selecting the right bearing is critical. Tellerine bearings are ideal for wet or corrosive environments, roller bearings handle heavy loads with good flexibility, and ball bearings made from high-quality steel provide smooth and quiet rotation. Plane bearings are best suited for high-speed or ultra-heavy load applications.
By carefully considering these factors, you can ensure that your casters and wheels perform efficiently and last longer in their specific environments.