Linear bearing characteristics and technical information

July 14, 2025

Linear bearings are cost-effective linear motion systems designed for infinite stroke applications, typically used with cylindrical shafts. These bearings feature a ball carrier that makes point contact with the shaft, resulting in low load capacity. The steel balls roll with minimal friction, enabling smooth and precise linear movement. Due to their high accuracy and reliability, linear bearings are widely used in precision equipment such as electronic devices, tensile testing machines, and 3D coordinate measuring systems. They are also commonly found in industrial machinery like multi-axis machine tools, punching machines, tool grinders, automatic gas cutters, printers, card sorters, and food packaging machines. Lubrication is essential for maintaining performance and longevity. Grease-lubricated linear bearings come pre-filled with anti-corrosion oil. If using grease, itâ€™s important to first remove the anti-corrosion oil with kerosene or an organic solvent, then allow the bearing to air dry before applying new grease. It is recommended to use lithium-based grease with viscosity grade N0.2. For oil lubrication, there's no need to remove the original anti-corrosion oil. Oil selection should be based on temperature, with ISO viscosity grades ranging from VG15 to VG100. Shaft lubrication can be supplied via an oil tube or through oil holes on the bearing housing. However, oil lubrication is not suitable for sealed non-porous bearings, as the seal may scrape off the lubricant. The friction coefficient of linear bearings is relatively low, ranging between 0.001 and 0.004, leading to minimal energy loss. At speeds below 60 meters per minute, temperature effects are negligible. The friction force can be calculated using the formula: **F = Î¼ Ã— P + Fs**, where: - **F** = Friction force (N) - **Î¼** = Friction coefficient - **P** = External load (N) - **Fs** = Sealing resistance (2â€“5 N) Installation is critical for optimal performance. The fit tolerances for the bore and shaft must be carefully selected. Bearings are generally not preloaded, but light preloads can be applied for high-precision applications. However, negative diameter tolerances should not exceed specified limits. The clearance between the bearing housing, shaft, and bearing must be properly adjusted. Standard installation methods include using snap rings and fixing plates. Mounting with set screws is discouraged, as it may cause deformation of the bearing housing. When installing flange-type linear bearings, the surface of the bearing housing and flange must be precisely machined. Adjustable (small-open) bearings require the opening to align perpendicular to the housing to ensure even preload distribution. Large-opening types can also be used with appropriate housing designs. Proper gap adjustment and even preload are essential for long-term performance. During installation, avoid directly tapping the end face or sealing ring. Use auxiliary tools to guide the bearing into place gently. Ensure the shaft is aligned with the bearing centerline. Misalignment can cause the balls to fall out or damage the cage, leading to failure. The applied load should be evenly distributed across the entire bearing, especially under transient loads. Using two or more bearings is recommended for stability. Linear bearings are not designed for rotational loads, as this can lead to accidents.
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