US uses graphene ink to print highly conductive flexible electrodes

Abstract According to a recent report by the Physicist Organization Network, researchers from the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University have developed a groundbreaking method using inkjet printing with graphene-based inks. This technique significantly enhances electrical conductivity by 250 times, with only a minimal drop in performance when the material is folded. The findings suggest that this innovation could lead to the creation of affordable, large-scale, foldable, and highly detailed electronic devices in the future. The study was published in the latest issue of *Physical Chemistry Letters*.
Ethan B. Sikol, one of the researchers involved, explained that inkjet printing is a promising approach for manufacturing flexible electronics at low cost and over large areas. While previous studies have successfully printed various components like transistors, solar cells, and sensors using inkjet technology, achieving high-conductivity electrodes has remained a challenge due to the need for extremely fine resolution. The team turned to graphene, a material known for its exceptional electrical conductivity and chemical stability, as a potential solution. Their goal was to develop a printable ink based on graphene that could be used for electrode fabrication. However, producing high-quality graphene for such applications posed several challenges. One major issue is the current method of exfoliating graphene, which often involves solvents and surfactants that leave behind residues, reducing the material's conductivity. Additionally, smaller graphene sheets tend to have more edges, which can also lower their electrical performance. To address these problems, the researchers created a new method using ethanol as a solvent and ethyl cellulose as a stabilizing agent. Both materials are residue-free, ensuring better electrical properties. The resulting graphene flakes were approximately 50 x 50 nanometers in size and just 2 nanometers thick. Despite the numerous connections between the flakes, the high stability of ethyl cellulose helped reduce electrical resistance between them. The team then dispersed the graphene powder into a liquid ink and tested it in a printing setup. The results showed excellent morphology and conductivity, making it ideal for precise electrode printing. They also tested the mechanical properties of the ink using a polyimide substrate. Even when bent or folded, the ink maintained high conductivity, with only a 5% decrease after folding. These findings indicate that graphene inks could be used to fabricate foldable electronic devices in the future. Professor Mark highlighted the significance of this research, stating that all electronic devices require high-conductivity and high-resolution contacts. He believes that graphene inks could revolutionize flexible and foldable electronics, with potential applications in smartphones, tablets, flat-panel displays, and solar cells. Looking ahead, the team plans to explore how this technology can be used to assemble complex circuits and electronic systems across various industries.

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