Application of dietary fiber in piglet diet

The traditional view is that the digestive function of piglets is not perfect. The fiber in the diet affects the digestion of nutrients and reduces the performance of piglets. Therefore, the dietary fiber level should be reduced as much as possible in the preparation of piglet diets. However, with the deeper understanding of dietary fiber, it has been found that providing a certain amount of suitable fiber source to piglets can promote the development of piglet digestive system, improve piglet health (especially intestinal health), reduce the incidence of piglet diarrhea after weaning, and improve piglets. Production performance (Chen Aqin et al., 2009; Yang Yufen et al., 2009; Ball et al., 1987; Pluske et al., 2001). Dr. Pluske (1998) believes that piglets can use a considerable amount of soluble and digestible fiber. It is recommended that dietitians use the characteristics of fiber to develop specialized diets to promote intestinal development and improve intestinal health. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The role of fiber in a piglet diet zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

1.1 promote digestive tract development zmW China feed industry information network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

Dietary fiber can increase gastrointestinal motility and promote intestinal development. McDonald et al. (2001) reported that the addition of fiber to the diet of weaned piglets increased the volume and weight of the digestive organs. Pluske et al. (2003) showed that adding low-viscosity CMC to rice-based diets can increase the height and crypt depth of the small intestine villi. Ngoc et al. (2012) reported a higher villus height in the ileum and jejunum of the high NDF diet group compared to the low NDF diet group. Because dietary fiber can change the morphology of the intestinal epithelial tissue, ultimately improving the intestinal digestion and absorption function. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

1.2 hindgut fermentation zmW China feed industry information network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

The fermentation products of dietary fiber are mainly volatile fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, etc.) as well as water, CO2, H2 and methane. SCFA can be quickly absorbed by the intestines and is an important source of energy for piglets. SCFA plays an important role in resisting pathogens and promotes intestinal reabsorption of sodium and water to reduce diarrhea. It is noteworthy that SCFA, especially butyric acid, plays an important role in stimulating the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and promoting the development of intestinal villi. The lack of these volatile fatty acids may be an important cause of ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory reactions in piglets (Waechtersheuser et al., 2000). Studies have shown that increasing dietary fiber levels can increase the concentration of SCFA in colonic chyme of weaned piglets (Hermes et al., 2009). Metzler and Mosenthin (2008) reported that increasing dietary fiber can promote microbial fermentation of the hindgut and improve the utilization of minerals such as Ca and P. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

1.3 Probiotic effect of dietary fiber zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

Some fermentable fibers in dietary fiber can provide nutrition for intestinal beneficial microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria), promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, thereby indirectly inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and help piglets to establish a normal and healthy intestinal tract quickly. Microflora with a similar prebiotic effect (Toppling & Clifton, 2001; Shi et al., 2001). Studies have shown that increasing the fermentable carbohydrate content of the diet can stimulate the production of lactate and butyric acid in the small intestine and large intestine, reducing the number or proportion of E. coli (Bikker et al., 2006; Carneiro et al., 2007; Wellock et al., 2008); Konstantinov Et al. (2004) reported that fermented carbohydrates were added to weaned pigs to promote the growth of ileal bacillus Lactobacillus; Metzler (2007) added a lignocellulosic diet to growing pigs and found the number of bifidobacteria in the ileal chyme. Significant increase; the addition of dietary fiber such as chitosan (Terada et al, 1995), inulin (Grasten et al, 2003) can lead to a large reduction in intestinal harmful bacteria metabolites. In human studies, some fermentable fibers alone or with Probiotic combination has significant clinical effects on certain intestinal diseases and disorders (Fujimori et al., 2009; Molist et al., 2009). zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving livestock

1.4 The effect of dietary fiber on piglet diarrhea zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

Yang Yufen et al (2009) reported that adding appropriate amount of fiber to the diet of weaned piglets can reduce the diarrhea of ​​piglets. Fibers derived from barley, wheat, and barley protect piglets from enterotoxin-producing E. coli. However, this effect of dietary fiber has a lot to do with fiber sources. McDonald et al. (2001) reported that pearl barley can increase bacterial colonization and diarrhea, similar to rice-based weaned pig diets. The addition of CMC (a synthetic water-soluble viscous polysaccharide) also exacerbates or promotes the proliferation of hemolytic Escherichia coli. According to another report, the addition of SPB (a dietary fiber with pectin), which is used in weaned piglets, can replace the antibiotics to maintain the health of piglets. Nacy et al. (2003) reported that compared with the addition of non-fermentable methylcellulose (MCEL), the addition of fermentable fiber to the diet can enhance the intestinal function of newborn piglets, shorten the recovery time of piglets infected with Salmonella, and alleviate clinical symptoms. Brownlee (2011) reported that in the absence of fiber or other energy substances, intestinal bacteria will turn to intestinal mucus as an energy substance, thereby destroying intestinal mucosal protection and allowing pathogens to colonize easily. Lien et al. (2001) reported a linear increase in the amount of ileal mucin in different doses of pea fiber in wheat-based diets. Hermes et al (2009) found that increasing fiber levels can reduce the diarrhea rate of high-protein diet weaned piglets, reduce antibiotic treatment, and reduce the concentration of acute protein (Pig-MAP) in serum. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

1.5 Improve the crispness of feed pellets zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

The piglets have relatively tender teeth, and the raw materials used in the piglets are low in water (especially in the case of many puffed raw materials). The hardness after granulation is large, which affects the piglets' desire to chew and eat, thus affecting feed intake. The fiber has the characteristics of water absorption and swelling, and appropriately increasing the level of dietary fiber can improve the crispness of the pellet feed, improve the chewing feeling of the piglet, and improve the palatability of the feed. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2 piglet diet fiber source selection zmW China feed industry information network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

2.1 Fiber content Piglets have strong metabolism and fast growth rate, and it is necessary to prepare a high nutrient concentration piglet diet. Therefore, fiber sources with higher fiber content should be selected as much as possible to save the formulation space. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.2 Physical properties of fibers Some fiber sources have large water swell and can quickly increase satiety, which is beneficial for livestock that need to be restricted, but it is disadvantageous for piglets that need to maximize feed intake; some are derived from wheat. The fiber of the class contains very soluble NSP (xylan, β-glucan), which is very viscous, affects the peristalsis of the chyme, interferes with the full contact of the digestive enzyme with the nutrient, and reduces the nutrient digestibility. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.3 Fermentability of Fibers Traditional fiber sources such as wheat bran are mainly non-soluble fibers with poor fermentability. Insoluble fiber increases the emptying of chyme, reduces the time of nutrient digestion and absorption, and affects nutrient digestibility. The solubility of fiber is an important factor affecting its fermentation. Compared with insoluble fiber (DF), soluble fiber (IDF) is easier to ferment and fermentation is more complete. Fibrous fermentation produces volatile fatty acids, which not only can supply energy, but also promote the reabsorption of water and sodium, and some have probiotic effects. Therefore, the proportion of fermentable fibers in the fiber should be increased. However, different soluble fibers have different fermentation times and product compositions. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.4 Consider the selectivity of bacteria for fiber sources. Different bacteria in the intestine have different selectivity for fermentable fibers. For example, legume fiber contains high soybean oligosaccharides (chuck sugar and stachyose), which are easily used by gas-producing microorganisms to produce a large amount of gas, causing abdominal distension and discomfort in piglets. Some fiber sources, such as inulin, contain high amounts of fructooligosaccharides and can be used by lactic acid bacteria to promote the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria). The fiber source containing the fermentable fiber also differs in the efficiency of utilization by the lactic acid bacteria. For example, the amount of lactic acid produced by fermentation of probiotic fiber (Opticell) derived from special wood is six times that of beet pulp. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.5 Hygienic quality of fiber sources Traditional fiber sources such as wheat bran, DDGS, grass powder and other mycotoxins are generally more serious, and some even contain pathogenic bacteria. Adding these poorly-quality fiber sources to the feed can easily damage the body's immune system, reduce disease resistance, and even lead to diarrhea in piglets. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.6 Attention to mineral content Some fiber sources such as beet pulp (粕) have a high content of potassium, which may lead to imbalance of electrolyte balance, causing piglet diarrhea; zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.7 Fineness of fiber The digestive tract of piglets is relatively tender and susceptible to physical damage to the solid feed components. Therefore, the fiber source for piglets should be used after superfine pulverization to avoid damage to the intestine. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

3 summarize zmW China feed industry information network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

Dietary fiber can promote the intestinal development of piglets and promote the rapid establishment and stability of normal microflora in the intestine. It plays an important role in improving intestinal health of piglets and reducing diarrhea in piglets. At the same time, increasing dietary fiber level is beneficial to improve the quality of feed pellets. Improve the palatability of pellet feed and increase feed intake. Therefore, the traditional concept of low fiber levels in piglets' diets is outdated. Although the current fiber level for piglet diets is not yet conclusive, it is certainly beneficial to increase fiber levels on the basis of current low-fiber piglet diets. However, as there is a debate about the application of dietary fiber in piglets, the choice of fiber source has a great influence on the application of fiber in piglets. Improper selection of fiber sources may even have a negative effect on the growth and health of piglets. In addition to considering the fiber content of the fiber source, consideration should be given to the physical and chemical properties of the fiber, the hygienic quality, the balance of the minerals, and the fineness of the fibers. In addition, other factors in the diet (such as protein levels) may also affect the use of fiber. zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

Author: Dr. Ting Kyushu interconnected into the water, starting livestock love website, please indicate the author and source zmW China Feed Industry Information Network - based animal feed, animal husbandry service!