Bearing material without smooth bearing (1)
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There are three main types of materials used in bearings without smooth surfaces: polymers, carbon graphite, and special ceramics. These materials are often chosen for their unique properties that make them suitable for various mechanical applications.
Polymers, also known as plastics, are widely used in engineering due to their versatility. Engineering plastics are made from synthetic resins and often contain additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, anti-static agents, flame retardants, curing agents, reinforcing materials, and fillers. These components enhance the performance of the material under different conditions.
Polymers can be broadly classified into two categories: thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics, like polyamide, polyacetal, polyethylene, PTFE (Teflon), polypropylene, and polyurethane, have a linear or branched structure. They can be softened by heat and hardened when cooled, making them ideal for injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, and calendering.
Thermosetting polymers, such as phenolic and epoxy resins, undergo a chemical change during processing. Once cured, they become solid and cannot be melted again. These materials are typically formed using compression molding, lamination, or casting methods.
Plastics are commonly used in mechanical components such as bearings, guide rails, piston rings, and other parts. For example, Teflon sheets are often stamped into lip seals, bearing bushes, piston rings, and gaskets. These materials are successfully applied in equipment like belt conveyors, typewriters, sewing machines, record players, pumps, textile machines, and agricultural machinery.
Polymer materials offer advantages such as lightweight, insulation, low friction, wear resistance, self-lubrication, corrosion resistance, and ease of manufacturing. However, they are sensitive to temperature and humidity, and their mechanical properties are influenced by viscoelastic behavior. Their tensile strength and elastic modulus are generally lower than those of metals.
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