Fuzhou woodcarving
Fuzhou woodcarving, a traditional art form from Fujian Province, has its roots in architectural and furniture decoration as well as temple sculptures. It reached its peak during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. This unique craft is made from longan wood, which is also known as "longan woodcarving." Longan wood is mainly found in southern Anhui, characterized by a slightly brittle texture, fine grain, and a soft pinkish hue. The old trunks and roots of the longan tree, with their unusual shapes, are ideal for sculpting. Artisans use the natural contours and knots of the wood to create lifelike figures of people, animals, and mythical creatures, capturing both anatomical accuracy and expressive movement. Whether using bold chiseling or delicate detailing, the results are always elegant and dynamic. The main themes of Fuzhou woodcarvings include human figures and animals, with root carving being one of its most distinctive styles. Because of this, it was once commonly referred to as "Fujian natural root carving." After polishing and painting, the finished works maintain a rich copper-yellow or orange-gold color that never fades. Applying beeswax or Sichuan wax enhances the smoothness and luster. In animal-themed pieces, artists often incorporate bones for teeth and glass for eyes, adding realism and visual impact. During the Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou woodcarving developed into three major schools. The Datun Village school, led by Chen Tianci, was known for creating religious figures such as Maitreya Buddha, the Eighteen Arhats, the Eight Immortals, and Guanyin. Later, they expanded to include fairies, ladies, and animals. The Xiangyuan Village school, represented by Ke Qingyuan, excelled in crafting items like flower arrangements and fruit bowls, as well as intricate scenes such as waterwheels and dragon boat rides. The Yanta faction, also known as the lacquerware school, focused on decorative patterns and combined woodcarving with lacquerwork, creating beautiful floral and avian designs. Today, Fuzhou woodcarving remains an integral part of Huizhou’s cultural heritage. Even in modern times, visitors can still see exquisite woodcarvings in local homes and temples. For example, Hongcun village, with only 158 buildings, was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in November 2000 along with Xidi. This global recognition highlights the enduring value of Huizhou woodcarving. Many talented artisans have contributed to its legacy, including Liu Tiejun, Wang Siqi, and He Da. Liu Tiejun, in particular, was renowned for his detailed engravings, creating landscapes, bridges, and pavilions within small 7-inch square panels. His work was not only visually appealing but also highly expressive, making his pieces sought after and regarded as key examples of Huizhou craftsmanship.
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